Lasers And Their Uses :: essays research papers

Lasers and Their Uses     We have all at some point in our lives used or seen someone use a laser.They are used in compact disc players for stereos or computers, laser surgery,laser printers, holography, cutting and borring metals, communication, bar-codescanners, etc. Over the away three decades lasers have become a tool useddaily by many people and they have become very useful in scientific research.As you can see lasers are a very useful and important tool which is why I havechosen this content to write about.     The term laser is an acronym. It stands for "light amplification bystimulated emission of radiation". They produce a narrow, intense beam ofcoherent light.     In a laser the fragments or molecules of a crystal, like ruby or garnet-orof a gas, liquid, or other substance-are excited so that more of them are athigher energy levels than are at lower energy levels. If a photon whosefrequency corresponds to the energy difference between the excited and groundstates strikes an excited atom, the atom is stimulated, as it falls back to alower energy state, to emit a second photon of the same frequency, in phasewith and in the same watchfulness as the bombarding photon. This butt iscalled stimulated emission. The bombarding photon of the emitted photon maythen strike other excited atoms, stimulating further emission of photons, allof the same frequency and phase. This process produces a sudden burst ofcoherent radiation as all the atoms discharge in a rapid chain reaction. Thelight beam produces is commonly pencil thin and maintains its size and directionover very long distances.     Lasers vary greatly in the way they look and what they are used for. close to lasers are as large as buildings while others can be the size of a grainof salt.     There are many parts to lasers. I will now explain what they are andtheir uses.1) Pumping systemsThe p umping system is used to transmit energy to the atoms or moleculesof the medium used in the laser.a. optical pumping systems uses photons provided by a source such as a Xenongas flash lamp or another laser to transfer energy to the lasing material. Theoptical source must provide photons which correspond to the allowed transitionlevels of the lasing material.b. collision pumping relies on the transfer of energy to the lasing material bycollision with the atoms or molecules of the lasing material. Again, energieswhich correspond to the allowed transition must be provided. Thisoften done by electrical discharge in a pure gas - or gas mixture - in a tube.

President FDR’s New Deal Essay -- The New Deal Franklin Delano Rooseve

The 1930s were one of the most difficult times in Ameri mountain history. It was the time of the Great economic crisis. Millions of Americans suffered hardships as the preservation was in a free fall. Many Americans were unemployed and lost almost everything they had owned. In 1932, America realized it was time for a change, and elected Franklin Delano Roosevelt in a landslide vote. Roosevelt promised to alleviate end the depression and with his New Deal. The New Deal was Roosevelts plan to end the Great Depression. Through increased government spending, FDR enacted legion(predicate) public works programs in an effort to simulate the economy. The New Deals alphabet soup (this was the nickname for the numerous programs FDR enacted) was FDRs plan to race out of the depression. The New Deal affected different industries and groups of Americans in unique ways and helped save the nation. One of the groups hardest hit by the Great Depression were the farmers. imputable to o verproduction and under consumption after World War I and during the 1920s, the prices of crops fell dramatically. Because of the low prices, Farmers incomes fell. The farmer was in a crisis as the Great Depression hit. The farmers were crucial to the American economy and FDR and the New Deal intended to help them. In the first one hundred days of the New Deal, Roosevelt attempted to help the farmers by establishing the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA). The AAA was intended to help restore purchasing power of farmers. It restored the price takeoff that helped farmers make all that gold during the war. Its main plan was to reduce the size of crops by paying farmers to plow their crops under. This, in theory, would shoot the price of the crops. There were a few problems with the AAA though. It seemed as cruel because the government was destroying crops that could be used to feed all the starving people. The AAA also didnt do much to help tenant farmers and sharecroppers. This w as because the cash that the government was paying the owners of the farm to plow the fields under was never shared with the tenant farmers and sharecroppers. Even though the farmer owners were told to give some of the bills to the people who worked their land they never did. The New Deal also set up other agencies to help farmers. FDR set up the Farm Resettlement Administration, the awkward Electrification Administ... ...al aid for the elderly, but it was not meant to be the main source of retirement. It also provided unemployment insurance, aid for persons who were blind or crippled, and aid to dependent children. Roosevelt would pay for this act with a tax on corporations and rich people. This act gave the people comfort because they now believed that the government would help them financially when they needed it. It also gave unions more initiative to bear because the government has security for them. FDRs New Deal gave American hope during a time when there was little optimism. It gave Americans jobs it put food on the table, and started to restored self-assertion in the economy. FDRs New Deal might not have ended the Great Depression, but it left a legacy. A legacy that you can see in the unions, in the numerous public works projects, in the big government we have today, in the acts like Social Security, and most importantly in the people whose lives it changed forever.BIBLIOGRAPHY1) Encarta Concise Encyclopedia Article. (http//encarta.msn.com)2) Encyclopedia.com (http//www.encyclopedia.com)3) Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal (http//www.geocities.com)

Boston Massacre :: essays research papers

The town of Boston was a very uneasy city throughout the 1760s. This uneasiness quickly turned to belligerence in the early lay out of 1770. Tensions had been mounting from the beginning of the year with various clashes between British sympathizers and colonists. However, in early March the tensions erupted into bloodshed.On March 5, 1770 a small group of colonists were up to their usual sport of tor menting British soldiers. By many accounts there was a great deal of taunting that eventually lead to an escalation of hostilities. The sentry in take c be of the Custom House eventually lashed out at the colonists which brought more colonists to the scene. In fact, someone began ringing the church bells which usually signified a fire. The sentry called for help, place setting up the clash which we now call the Boston Massacre.A group of soldiers led by Captain Thomas Preston came to the rescue of the lone sentry. Captain Preston and his secession of seven or eight men were quickly s urrounded. All attempts to calm the crowd proved useless. At this point, the accounts of the event vary drastically. Apparently, a soldier discharged a musket into the crowd, immediately followed by more shots. This action left several wounded and five dead including an African-American named Crispus Attucks. The crowd quickly dispersed, and the soldiers went back to their barracks. These are the facts we do know. However, many uncertainties surround this important historical event Did the soldiers fire with provocation? Did they fire on their own? Was Captain Prescott guilty of ordering his men to fire into a crowd of civilians?

Steel and Tariffs Essay -- Economy Economics Essays

Steel and TariffsWe have all heard this joke. Only now the horse has been replaced with consumers of sword in the US vane industry. Why? Many companies in our economy that use steel as an input to produce their goods are staggering due to recent extraordinarily heights steel prices. President Bush dropped a responsibility on imported steel on Thursday March 4th according to basic economics, this cancellation of the steel import tariff should have dropped the price for US domestic consumers. Unfortunately though, that hasnt happened. Steel prices are currently at record highs and many forecast heretofore higher prices to come. This puts huge pressure on small businesses that are dependent on steel for their well being. With higher prices threatening these business owners profits and proximo sales all, including the very large companies, are human faceing for any break in the high priced storm that seems to be closing in on the rising of the steel industry. While many companies are sending out fair warning that consumers can expect higher prices in the car, furniture, and construction industries, many look for ways to cut costs and layoffs have been mentioned. Could this have been avoided? Many look to the recent lifting of tariffs imposed on steel imports as a possible culprit. Although the lifting of the tariff has affected the market, it is unlikely that the lifting correlates with the recent spike in steel prices. With the United Steel Workers of America screaming that the dropped import tariffs are, clear evidence of capitulating to European act upon and a sorry betrayal of American steelworkers and their communities, (Crutsinger 1) and representatives in congress showing much disgust at the presidents lack of respect and compassion for o... ...k, John. US Steelmakers in Continuing Crisis. Challenge.Vol. 47, no. 1, January/February. M. E. Sharp, INC. 2004. 86-106.Crutsinger, Martin. Bush drops steel import tariffs, accused of betrayal by industryTh e Game Cock. 04/05/04. <http//www.dailygamecock.com/news/2003/12/05/News/BushDrops.Steel.Impot.Tarif.Accused.Of.betrayal.By.Industry-573188.shtmlGoodrich, Ben. Hufbauer, Gary Clyde. Steel Policy The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. Internationas economic science Policy Briefs. January 2003.---. Time for a Grand Bargin in Steel? Institute for International Economics. 04/05/04. <http//www.iie.com/publications/pb/pb02-1.htm.Hagenbaugh, Barbara. Steel Prices Soar 66% in a human race Market gone mad. USA Today. McLean, VA. Feb 20, 2004. pg B.01Irwin, Douglas A. Free Trade Under Fire. Princeton, New Jersey Princeton University Press 2002.

Canterbury Tales Essay :: essays research papers

In Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales, many characters suffer from Dantes Seven Deadly Sins. I have chosen to write about The Skipper, for his avariciousness and wrath The Miller for his pride and avariciousness and excessively The Franklin for his gluttony, avariciousness and slothfulness. I have found examples for these in The Prologue by Chaucer.The Skipper is avaricious and also suffers from wrath. He is avaricious because he would gain someones trust so they would do business with him and hence he would steal from them and cheat them. In The Prologue(pg. 103 lines 407-408), it reads, Hed drawn at Bordeaux, while the trader snored. The nicer rules of conscience he ignored. He also suffered from wrath, anytime he had extra people on his ship, he would make them walk the plump. In The Prologue(pg.103 lines 409-410), it says, If, when he fought, the enemy vessel sank, he sent the prisoners home they walked the plank.The Miller was inflicted by pride and avariciousness. He wa s very prideful. He would boast about anything that he could do well. In The Prologue(pg. 107 lines 557-558), it says, Broad, knotty and short-shouldered, he would boast, He could nip and tuck any door off hinge and post. He was an avaricious man. He would steal grain for himself. In The Prologue, it says, His was a master-hand at stealing grain. He felt it with his thumb and thus he knew its quality and likewisek three times his due. (Pg. 107 lines 570-572)The Franklin suffered from gluttony, lust and slothfulness. He ate in all the time. He had way too much food and it was all for himself. In The Prologue, it reads, His bread, his ale were the finest of fine, and no one had a better stock of wine. His house was never short of bake-meat pies..(Pg. 101 lines 351-354). He lusted for pleasure. That is all he wanted from life. In The Prologue, it says, He loved a morning sop of cake and wine, he lived for pleasure and always have done. (Pg.

Canterbury Tales Essay :: essays research papers

In Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales, many characters suffer from Dantes Seven Deadly Sins. I have chosen to write about The Skipper, for his rapaciousness and vexation The Miller for his pride and avariciousness and also The Franklin for his gluttony, avariciousness and slothfulness. I have found examples for these in The Prologue by Chaucer.The Skipper is avaricious and also suffers from wrath. He is avaricious because he would gain some adepts trust so they would do business with him and then he would steal from them and cheat them. In The Prologue(pg. 103 lines 407-408), it reads, Hed drawn at Bordeaux, while the trader snored. The nicer rules of conscience he ignored. He also suffered from wrath, anytime he had extra people on his ship, he would stir them walk the plank. In The Prologue(pg.103 lines 409-410), it says, If, when he fought, the enemy vessel sank, he sent the prisoners home they walked the plank.The Miller was inflicted by pride and avariciousness. He was v ery prideful. He would boast about anything that he could do well. In The Prologue(pg. 107 lines 557-558), it says, Broad, knotty and short-shouldered, he would boast, He could heave any door off hinge and post. He was an avaricious man. He would steal grain for himself. In The Prologue, it says, His was a master-hand at stealing grain. He felt it with his thumb and thus he knew its quality and took trine times his due. (Pg. 107 lines 570-572)The Franklin suffered from gluttony, lust and slothfulness. He ate all the time. He had way too much food and it was all for himself. In The Prologue, it reads, His bread, his ale were the finest of fine, and no one had a better stock of wine. His house was never short of bake-meat pies..(Pg. 101 lines 351-354). He lusted for pleasure. That is all he wanted from life. In The Prologue, it says, He loved a morning sop of cake and wine, he lived for pleasure and always have done. (Pg.

Jonathan Glover Essay

Jonathan Glover (born 1941) is a British philosopher known for his studies on ethics. He was educated at Tonbridge School, later going on to Corpus Christi College, Oxford. He was a fellow and tutor in philosophy at New College, Oxford. He currently teaches ethics at Kings College London. Glover is a fellow of the Hastings Center, an independent bioethics research institution in the United States.Glovers book Causing Death and Saving Lives, first make in 1977, addresses practical moral questions about life and death decisions in the areas of abortion, infanticide, suicide, euthanasia, choices between people, capital punishment, and war. His approach is broadly consequentialist, though he gives signifi tidy sumt heaviness to questions of individual autonomy, the Kantian notion that we ought to treat other people as ends in themselves rather than merely as means.He criticises the idea that mere intelligence or life itself are intrinsic solelyy valuable these states matter, he argu es, because they are pre-requisites for other things that are valuable and make for a life worth living. on that point is, then, no absolute sanctity of human life. 1 He criticises the principle of double effect2 and the acts and omissions doctrine,3 the notion that there is a huge moral difference between cleanup spot someone and intentionally letting them die.In his discussion of real cases of moral decisions about killing he draws on insights from history and literature as comfortably as philosophy. Throughout, the emphasis is on the consequences of moral choices for those affected, rather than on abstract principles applied impersonally. In Humanity A Moral History of the Twentieth Century, published in 1999, Glover considers the psychological factors that predispose us to commit barbaric acts, and suggests how man-made moral traditions and the cultivation of moral imagination can work to restrain us from a ruthlessly selfish treatment of others.Gaining greater understanding of the monsters within us, he argues, is part of the process of caging and containing them. 4 He examines the various types of atrocity that were perpetrated in the twentieth century, including Nazi genocide, communist mass killings under Stalin, Mao, and Pol Pot, and more recent slaughter in Bosnia and Rwanda, and examines what sort of bulwarks there could be against them. He allows that religion has provided bulwarks, which are getting eroded. He identifies three types of bulwark.The two more dependable are sympathy and respect for human dignity. The less dependable third is Moral individuality I belong to a kind of person who would not do that sort of thing. This third is less dependable because notions of moral identity can themselves be warped, as was done by the Nazis. 5 In The End of Faith, Sam Harris quotes Glover as saying Our entanglements with people close to us erode simple self-interest. Husbands, wives, lovers, parents, children and friends all blur the boundaries of selfish concern.Francis Bacon rightly said that people with children have given hostages to fortune. Inescapably, other forms of friendship and love hold us hostage too destine self-interest is destabilized. citation needed In 1989 the European Commission hired Glover to head a panel on embryo research in Europe. 6 He is married to Vivette Glover, a prominent neuroscientist. Jonathan is father to three and grandfather to one (father to Ruth, Daniel and David Glover and grandfather to Samuel Glover).

Four Seasons Goes to Paris

Four Seasons Goes to Paris 53 Properties, 24 Countries, 1 Philosophy Four Seasons is the worlds leading operator of luxury hotels and resorts. They be well known non only in the U. S. but they are a huge international hit. They have been successful over the last thirty years because of their strengths of diversity and originality. Four Seasons does not want to be a globalization of markets like McDonalds, where everyone is the same. They are not a cookie-cutter company. This is a majuscule tactic to have because then you would not be such a high class hotel and resort. Also, when you go international you have to be in smear with all of the cultural diversifys which can confine or break your business. They have done an exceptional job of adapting to the different cultures. When you walk into a four seasons hotel it does not scream four seasons at you. Another cause why they are so successful is because the top management have been around for over 25 years.This means that they are extremely familiar with to the company and how every function unravels and they can easily train the new employees. Once trained then they become government agency of the family. Both corporate and field managers often referred to the firm as a family, complete with rules, traditions, and tough love. I believe this is a one of the main reasons why they are so successful. If your employees are happy to wake up and come to work in the morning knowing everyone is basically a family member makes them work a lot harder because you do not want to let down a family member.The workers made the guest feel so comfortable and at spot that the guest wanted to buy the linens to remind them of the stay. The seven four seasons work culture standards rules make the guest always feel welcome in the hotel and make them always want to come back and tell people how well of a stay they had. The last and I think the most important reason why the four season have been successful for the past four years is because the emphasis on the golden rule. one should treath others as one would compliments to be treated. If you work in a people oriented business where you get to please your guests, this is the mindset you should be in for a successful business. condescension the success of four seasons, approach and philosophy, management knew that entering France would be a challenge. I feel that how they entered was perfect. They entered in a very powerful manner by deciding to manage the George V which is right in the middle of the French capital and is the highest possible quality asset in the best location. They basically came in and took over and told everyone how it is difference to be run. They did respect a lot of the working hour rules, and the hours by a window rules and stuff like. I really like the aspect that they kept the hotel running like it always has been even though in France they do things a lot differently with customer service. It was good that they hired depending on the attitude. What we need is people who can adapt, either to guests from all over the world or to operating a variety of countries. I like this because it says that the workers need to adapt to the guests no matter where they are from because that is how the four seasons does it. If they would of came into this situation any different, I feel that they would have been pushed out and the hotel would of turned bad. They only bad thing I can come up with is that they did change a lot of the culture around because the French are different on their customer service than Americans. They are polychromic people compared to how we operate as a monochromic people.If you are a firm entering a market you have to be very familiar with what the culture is your are dealing with. Some cultures are very religious and if you try to change their ways then it could be going against their religion. But in the lessons from this case I believe you can enter a market like they did but you hav e to be cautious of what you change because if it goes bad then your reputation could go under and then you are bankrupt in that market.

Tourettes, I Swear I Can’t Help It

It was televised in May of this year, although during the show we see various clips from both mens lives. At Serges introduction to the programmer all we see Is a tv camera shot of a nice looking private prepare And past loud screams. This shocks the viewer a great deal because we do non regard what Is going on and Immediately sentiments fly through our heads. Questions comparable Whos screaming? , why are they screaming? And take d make Whats going on? Join our purpose of thoughts, but then the RPR voice-over of Sue flush toiletston explains that Greg developed Trustees at the age of s even off.It then skips to the Greg of the resent aged fifteen, and he explains how he had to leave that particular private school due to the fact that his parents could not afford to keep him there as well as pay additional for the special care he required. He goes on to mention that he now attends a public school after a campaign to get his necessary assistance. I noticed that when Greg an d John are talking most of their clips are in interview format, I believe the producer chose to do it this way because the camera is focused on their faces so you can see their expressions much better and see their eyes.This makes It el the more personal for the viewer at home. The next clips of Greg are mavins of him in school In a lesson and his tics go off and youd look they would disrupt the classroom but everyone Just goes on as normal Its Like It was the wind as Greg says. In the home videos of Greg as a child there Is always sad music backing It which I believe is to emphasize the emotion and distress the social unit family were feeling at this time. Here is where the viewer begins to sympathize with Greg and his family and I believe this was the intention of the programmer. As the interviewer talks toGregg father he explains that after Greg developed Trustees he was feeling down and even went to see his GAP just about it the doctor told him he was suffering depression o ver the loss of a child, and Serges father was get emotional while rep eating this memory then he said And it was true, I felt want I had lost a son. . I think there are party parts of Serges childhood (or what we see of it) that are very hard-hitting and this Is when the viewer begins to realize that the condition Is genuinely dreadful. At one point Greg tells about a time when he was young he Just wanted IT o stop and he genuinely was begging his parents to protrude him.As the younger Greg Is being interviewed we specify that he is a very articulate and eloquent child. He explains now Nils tic makes NV swear slightlytimes Ana nest saying something Like l I know if I should say it. Shut your F***inning gob . When he says this the last part is whispered and this emphasizes his innocence and proves that it can truly happen to anyone. What I found most interesting about Greg is that he doesnt associate the tic as being himself, to him it is a different person and he even compa res himself to Googol.A few throng might be familiar with John Davison because when he commencement developed Trustees at the age of sixteen, a infotainment was make about him called Johns Not brainsick (1988) and we see clips from this documentary in the latest one, I think we see the clips of his youth and so on to emphasis that this condition does not Just come and go, it is ALWAYS there, and it shows Johns constant suffering. Also when Greg runner developed Trustees (when he was seven) a documentary was made about him, and this included John at the age of thirty The Boy Cant Help It. . As we e clips of John we see the difference between him and Greg almost immediately John had to endure his malady through a time where it was virtually unknown so pluralitys understanding and acceptance was minimal. We learn all about Johns life and how he deals with the Trustees. He goes to keep groups where he has a good friend called Chopper, who also has Trustees. We learn that John wo rks in a community centre with children, and we question could this be because he missed out on his childhood because of his Trustees?He says in the interview that he feels left out and likes to work with kids and its nice to get a nip. I believe this shows that sometimes John feels truly isolated from the rest of the world, and this brings the viewer to an understanding of John and we feel more connected because of how personal this documentary is. We learn that Johns family wasnt as half as understanding as Gregg which made Johns teenage years all the more unbearable. In some clips from Johns Not Mad we see a canteen full of teenagers but no sign of John, thats where the camera skips to another room where John is sitting all alone eating his food.This emphasizes his isolation as a youth. As we find out more about Johns family we discover that John hardly sees them now because theyre all living their own lives in other places. This makes the viewer think that the family was not, and still is not, very understanding and accepting of his condition, almost as if theyre ashamed of him? moreover he goes on to explain how hes got a severalize of surrogate family with a woman called Dorothy/Dotty. He goes on to mention that he eats round at their house three to quadruple times a week.I believe this is to show the viewer a glimmer of hope, show that even the loneliest of people can still find friendship and even the Emily they always wished they had. One thing that surprised me about Johns illness is that he has a tic which causes him to spit his food. I did not realize that this could happen. But there is a clip of John as a young man eating a meal with his family and hes putting food in his mouth but then spitting some of it back out again. The viewer then realizes that this is probably why he ate alone as a young man and also realizes how many aspects of a persons life Trustees can affect.There is one particular scene which in reality did shock me, it was w hen John and Dotty were shopping and heir s withald in an aisle looking at something when suddenly John smacks Dotty in the face. This part confused me at first because I didnt realize Trustees could cause this sort of behavior, and I believe that this was one of the main reasons it was actually shown because anyone with little knowledge of Trustees will stereotype it to be someone won swears Ana cant Nell I t wanly Isnt all Tanat serious, out tens clip snows that it is physically dangerous because he genuinely cant help what he does.As we go further into the programmer we learn how John and Greg permit accepted that they eave this illness and they try to live their lives as normally as possible. Greg is happy to state that his Trustees doesnt control most of his life, he can still go out and make friends and it doesnt get in the way of his drumming either. We even learn that Greg and some of his friends are in a band by the tell of The Brotherhood. We get comments from his frien ds about Greg and his illness one boy says that in Year Seven he didnt realize that Greg actually had Trustees, he simply thought he was being rebellious.I think this clip emphasizes how little the common knowledge about Trustees is, that people dont even realize what it is and simply think the person is doing it willingly. another(prenominal) friend makes the statement He lives with it why cant R. This is a major statement in the documentary because it shows how things have changed and how different ages react differently to things, for a boy of fifteen to say something like this emphasizes the maturity of people in this situation.In an interview John says that he accepts his illness and even goes as far as to say if his illness was gone then he would miss it. All he wants is one day, Just one day, where e has no tics at all. But Greg is mentioning he actually had a day like this, he says that it was the best day of his life and he wishes to have another like it. This makes the vi ewer feel clemency when we realize that although Greg has had a free day he will probably never get another one in his lifetime, and the fact that John is nearing his forties makes you wonder if he will EVER get such a day.I believe the purpose of this programmer was to raise cognizance and increase understanding of Trustees Syndrome, because most people see it as a very funny sort of illness because it makes people swear. In all fairness the affliction can be instead funny and light-hearted at times and I think this was the producers aim, to get people laughing first and then it would be more of a shock to them when it actually came to the serious stuff. Also it was to let the previous viewers (the ones who watched Johns Not Mad and The Boy Cant Help It) know how these people were doing.When youre watching a documentary like this, I believe you start to care about the particular person because the programmer is so detailed and personal you almost feel as if you really know them . I believe the target audience for this was a very wide en. Greg is my age so I think people my age would find it interesting and reasonably easy to relate to Greg, and a lot of people are interested in Trustees after Pete Bennett, a sufferer of Trustees, who won expectant Brother 7. It was somewhat of a phenomenon, and this is where the real awareness first rose, but people stereotyped Trustees to be funny, quirky, something laughable.Unfortunately the true illness was never fully explained Trustees is a neurological condition (a condition that affects the nervous system). It causes both physical and verbal tics, which are involuntary repetitive movements or sounds. Trustees is named after the French doctor, Georges Gilles De la Torture, who was the first person to describe the condition and its symptoms. Most people have no idea whatsoever how common Trustees is and it is difficult to know exactly how many people are affected by Trustees because people with the mildest form oft en disguise their symptoms from others.A recent estimate is that one in every 100 people is affected by the condition. T Is primarily a canon Leases, Ana Toys are affected more than girls. Most people with Trustees will begin to have physical tics at the age of about six or seven ND vocal tics at around eleven. The cause is unknown, but research suggests that the condition is caused by problems with a part of the brain known as the basal ganglia. This documentary was very effective in my eyes, because I realized the true misfortune of Trustees, and now I wont laugh when I hear about it or see it.I strongly believe the programmer will have raised a lot of awareness on the subject and hopefully increase understanding so that the sufferers of Trustees can live a little better. It definitely conveyed to the viewer that it is very serious, especially with some of the clips from Gregg childhood, e. . The home video in which Greg Just collapses and cant move. The viewer sympathizes with an d respects both Greg for having to go through it and his parents for having to deal with such things.In my opinion the programmer was very interesting, pleasant and it opened my eyes. It could drag on in certain parts particularly in the personal interviews, but it was not made to be exciting and interesting, it was made to raise awareness. Watching it for the first time has more of an effect on you than watching it a second time, so it was good for me being a first time viewer. Part of it makes me want to watch the other two wows but I realize that Vive already seen the ending so it would be a chip shot pointless.I would definitely recommend this to others, it is important for people to know about and understand this illness. So, in conclusion I enjoyed watching this show and Im glad to have intentional so much about a subject that was practically unknown to me. I would give it 6/10 because it was very good but I didnt enjoy the whole thing, I dont think Id watch it again unfor tunately. My personal taste didnt favor the programmer very much because it was a bit too much like a lesson so it made me feel as though watching it was mandatory and not my choice.

Public order Essay

abuse 11. Why is public order necessary? Primarily, its think is to maintain an ideal state of public decency as possible. A set standard applied to all citizens with little to no gray area in needed for this purpose. Without public order and its controls, no threat of repercussions against acts exists (to include criminal, personal or political violence) potentially creating a free-for-all and ensuing chaos.2. Does our society clear enough public order or too little? Unless the US implements a system commensurate with that of a totalitarian/communist g all overnment, it is hard to notice whether current public order policies are sufficient or lacking. Having said that, I believe there are enough controls in place to pardon the amount that we do have without infringing on rights. As of now, they are stringent enough to make potential criminals at least consider the weight of actions in the beginning they act on them. Considering the individual wills and motives of 300 million pe ople, the current system is doing as good a job as can be expected.Step 23. What can crime statistics tell us about the crime picture in America? How has that picture changed over time? It gives those that report/ go bad crime rates data about how specific crimes can be compared across a spectrum of areas time. There have been three separate ebbs and flows of crime over nearly 70 years of statistics collection. The most consistent factor has been due to major shifts in the male population and socio-economic picture (wars, baby-boom civil rights struggle) during these times, coupled with increase government and law enforcement efforts.

McDonald s Rebirth Through a Low Growth Strategy Essay

For several decades McDonalds experienced uninterrupted growth in sales, profits, and number of stores opened. When the company seemed to reach maturity in living cycle, one chief executive officers decision for a low-growth outline started the rebirth of McDonalds. In its early years, McDonalds success was founded on principles of high quality standards and service. However, as time passed, their standards and controls slipped and same store sales began a downward trend. Some insisted that the dip in same store sales was evidence of grocery saturation. However, McDonalds executives disagreed. With bullnecked support, one McDonalds CEO went on a new-store binge.As McDonalds continued its unprecedented expansion, relations with franchisees deteriorated because corporate owned outlets were nominatenibalizing franchisees profits. Another CEO began to acquire other fast- fodder restaurants, but that model failed as it proved a drain on profits. McDonalds was struggling to keep its growth mode. Then crowd together Cantalupo took the reigns and began a low-growth strategy that turned the companys fortunes around as he slashed capital expenditures by 40% by closing poorer do restaurants and adding fewer new restaurants. Eighteen months into Cantalupos stint as CEO, McDonalds stock price rose from eighteen dollars per sh atomic number 18 to just over twenty-four dollars per share. Just as McDonalds fortunes seemed to turn, James Cantalupo died suddenly of a heart attack.SWOT AnalysisInternal Strengths & WeaknessesAmong McDonalds greatest strengths are its brand recognition, strong advertising, and market share. It was the most valuable fast food brand worldwide in 2013 with an estimated brand value of eighty-five billion dollars, three times its close-set(prenominal) competitor, Starbucks see appendix 1.1. McDonalds strength of brand recognition can primarily be attributed to its strong advertising and market share. This is evidenced by a 1970s survey which r evealed that ninety-six percent of children place with Ronald McDonald, ranking him second only to Santa Clause. Furthermore, McDonalds uses high-profile sponsorships and major advertising campaigns to maintain awareness and promote new launches (e.g. 2014 FIFA macrocosm Cup and 2014 WinterOlympics). In 2013, its advertising expenditure in the United States alone was 1.43 billion dollars for details see appendix 1.2.McDonalds has won its market share via strong marketing/advertising efforts and providing convenience for its customers. When McDonalds accelerated growth period ended, it had approximately 13,000 domestic restaurants. The belief was practical the more stores in a city, the more per-capita transactions would result. As of 2013, McDonalds had 35,429 restaurants worldwide- 14,276 of which are domestic (Statista, 2015). McDonalds other internal strengths include partnerships with big brands (e.g. Disney), international front man, localized food menus, and revenue. Now th at we have examined McDonalds internal strengths, lets examine the companys internal weaknesses.Among McDonalds greatest internal weaknesses are its negative publicity, low presence of corporate social responsibility, high employee turnover, and low strategy differentiation. McDonalds is heavily criticized for offering unhealthy foods to its customers, further exacerbating the obesity problem in America. The documental film Super Size Me, which explores the health consequences of a diet based solely of McDonalds, is one example of the negative publicity surrounding McDonalds. Environmental groups oft criticize McDonalds for a lack of sustainable sourcing of beef products (USA Today, 2014). This reflects poorly on McDonalds for having a weak presence of corporate social responsibility. Furthermore, McDonalds has a high employee turnover as it offers low paying and low skilled jobs.These jobs are often seen negatively by employees and usually result in high employee turnover. This i s an internal weakness because it increases training costs and adds to McDonalds overall costs. Lastly, McDonalds has low strategy differentiation. It has become incredibly difficult for McDonalds to cross off itself from other fast food restaurants thus, forcing McDonalds to compete on price rather than features. This is an internal weakness because price wars reduce a companys gross margin, which results in deteriorating profits. McDonalds other internal weaknesses include Declining market share, disgruntled franchisees, quality and taste of products, slowed revenue and income growth.External Opportunities & ThreatsMcDonalds is in the unique(p) position to rebrand itself by offering healthier menu options and increasing its corporate social responsibility. In 2006, McDonalds newly redesigned logo and restaurant layout are world credited for 8-9% sales growth. Furthermore, McDonalds has the unique opportunity to be the early fast food restaurant to source 100% of its ingredient s from sustainable production. Younger generations are very conscientious of the impact their purchasing habits have on the environment.The aforementioned opportunities can be done still pursuing a low growth strategy. But, McDonalds still has opportunities for growth. Economic research suggest that Chinas middle class is on pace to grow from six percent of its cat valiumwealth to fifty percent of its population by 2020 (Business Insider, 2014). McDonalds has historically targeted middle class families, so there is plenty of opportunity for growth in China. If McDonalds is able to make a more localized menu and provide an atmosphere that can strike the right accord with the Chinese culture therefore McDonalds has the opportunity to flourish in China.Among McDonalds greatest threats are the growing segment of health conscience consumers and the strength of competition. The health conscience consumer, a growing segment of society, poses both a threat and opportunity for McDonalds. The change in customers habits represents new collects that must be met by McDonalds. In an attempt to cater to this market, McDonalds has added salads, fruit, and oatmeal to their menu. Additionally, they have eliminated trans-fat oil- a product blamed for the nations obesity. Other areas of concern are the threat posed by Starbucks, which plans to offer a breakfast and lunch menu. McDonalds strongest competitor remains Yum Brands- owner of popular fast food chains Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, KFC, and locomote Street see appendix 1.1. Other external threats include saturated market, macroeconomic factors.RecommendationsThe central strategic decision that needs to be addressed is whether McDonalds result commit to rebranding itself so that it is seen not only as an economical food destination, but as an appealing high quality one aswell. The social shift to a more health conscience consumer provides McDonalds such an opportunity. Alternatives to Strategic Decision MakingMcDonalds has three viable options for continued success. The first two, allow McDonalds to continue its low growth strategy. First, McDonalds can create and promote an attractive menu that that will grab the prudence of health conscience consumers. Second, it can focus on the stronghold its gained in the coffee space, as this could be an interesting new endeavor to bind (i.e. a new SBU). The third option would be to pursue a growth strategy for Asia, especially China. However, it must be noted that the growth strategy may burden the company with debt to pay for capital-intensive expenditures, but should it be successful McDonalds revenues and profits could reach new ceilings.It would behoove McDonalds to fill the need of the health conscience consumer by adopting and promoting a healthier menu. This can be done without abandoning their staples (e.g. Fries, Big Mac, Happy Meal, and Egg McMuffin). If McDonalds is able to meet the changes in customers needs and habits, there is no reason why they shouldnt continue to experience growth in sales. I believe that this is the dress hat option because it is not capital intensive, yet it could allow McDonalds access to a new segment of the market. Furthermore, McDonalds number of locations provides the health conscience consumer with convenience. execution Evaluation and ControlThe following steps are keys to a successful implementation of a strategic marketing plan 1. Who are we? Who are our customers? What do our customers want? 2. Set strategic marketing goals Assess internal strengths and weaknesses then compare your vision/mission to the reality of your external environment. Once you have identified the areas of need, choose specific goals to address those areas. 3. Establish strategic marketing activities/plan of actions Once specific goals have been set, identify various activities to utilize resources and choose the outdo course of action to implement.4. Establish timeline to execute goals and plan of actions By having a clear understanding of your strategic marketing goals then youcan establish common understanding of when such action plans can be reasonably accomplished. 5. Review and re-evaluate progress By consistently reviewing and re-evaluating progress in implementing or instituting plan of actions, you can take a proactive approach in making adjustments due to changing melody climate, environment, external threats and opportunities that may arise in everyday business decisions.ReferencesBrumley, James. (April 23, 2014). McDonalds Is About To Tap Into A Huge Growth Opportunity. Retrieved from http//www.businessinsider.com/mcdonalds-expanding-international-2014-4Horovitz, Bruce. (April 30, 2014). McDonalds sets 2020 sustainable goals. Retrieved from http//www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2014/04/30/mcdonalds-sustainability-fast-food-social-responsibility-restaurants/8513245/Statista. (February, 2015). Retrieved from http//0-www.statista.com.leopac.ulv.edu/topics/1444/mcdonalds/

Female Serial Killers Essay

The fascinating thing about women is that they often tend to not possess the common traces of a serial killer that a male tends to manifest earlier on in life. Although not always fully acknowledged, there are many primeval signs of a potential serial killer. These later become the characteristics of a serial killer. The most common characteristic of a serial killer is animal abuse. This token characteristic is comm sole(prenominal) seen during a serial killers childhood. many serial killers see this as practice.Psychiatrists describe this early sign of killing as a mental disorder that should not be ignored. An some other highly common characteristic of serial killer is a person who enjoys outset fires, otherwise cognise as Pyromaniacs. The people that possess this characteristic tend to get sexually aroused just from starting a fire. A well-known Pyromaniac was Joseph Kallinger who described starting a fire as a heavenly pleasure. Also a common characteristic would be bed sea ledting.Many serial killers tend to wet the bed past adolescence. Kenneth Bianchi, an American serial killer, spent most of his adulthood wetting the bed. A broken home has been noted to be a characteristic of a serial killer. Growing up father-less or mother-less highly affects a young soon-to-be serial killers life. Female serial killers share only some of these characteristics such as animal abuse. Women tend not to show characteristics until later on in life. At times they do not show characteristics.Most female serial killers kill for long periods of times and quietly unlike her fellow male killer. Female serial killers almost always name a strong motive driving them to commit these horrible crimes and coincidentally they are often similar. If a female serial killer is acknowledged by a community the people in that community tend to believe that because she is a woman, therefore the weaker sex, she was somehow pressured or victimized by her lover to kill. (Davis, 2001). Many r efuse to believe that a woman is capable of killing on her own terms.Women have many different reasons for killing yet throughout the years and the multiple finish off miscues that occur where a woman is the murderer, the motive is almost always. Most of the women who tend to kill are in great debt and in pick up of a quick and easy way out. Belle Gunness, who was considered one of the worst serial killers in American History, did just this. Belle killed all of her children and husbands just to collect life insurance, money, and other valuables. (Edwards, 2012).She also adopted more children in order to repeat the process of collecting the insurance and got away with doing so for eight years. Another murder case in which the primary motive happened to be money was the Olga Rutter Schmidt and Helen Golay case. These two women in their 70s conducted a $2. 3 Million insurance fraud murder scheme. Helen and Olga provided shelter and food for Paul Vados and Paul McDavid just long eno ugh to have good amount of money to benefit from if these two men were to pass. in that respect were multiple insurance plans that gave these two women benefits when the two homeless men were killed.

Do you think Candy’s opinion of Curley’s wife is fair Essay

Do you think Candys opinion of Curleys married woman is fair or does Steinbeck show us a character that has had so many disappointments in her life and is lonely that we can understand wherefore she acts as she does?I myself dont think that candys opinion of curleys wife is fair,this is because all the mess on the ranch set about made up there forefronts that she is a cocotte because of the way she dresses and the way she tries to flirt with them,but she doent mean to put the impression to the ranch workers that she is a incisive but looks can be deceiving.She dresses and looks this way because she has always dreamed of being in the movie task,living in Salinas at only at the age of 15 she wrote to a man in the movie business but had no reply,Her dreams of staring in her own movie were smashed into a million pieces.Now when she is honest-to-goodness and wiser she static has no ambitions.Then she married Curly.Now married to Curly she is always lonely,this is because she is a way from her family and friends,shes ignored by Curly (when he is around) because he is always in town or in woman of the street houses,on the ranch there is nothing for her to do except sit around doing nothing.This is why she tries to make friends with the people on the ranch because she is lonely,but the ranch workers think she is trying to get them into trouble with curly,and because she hasnt got over her harm of being rejected by the movie business she wants to live out the fame and dream of being a movie star in front of the ranch workers.the ranch workers be too scared to have any business with her because if they do they know that curly would give them the beating of there lives.Later in the story lennie is the only person who she manages to have a proper conversation with,at first lennie tells curlys wife that George told him to stay away from her because she will get him into trouble and that she is bad news,but she manages to make it slip Lennies mind by asking him qu estions about things he likes like loco things,furry things,rabbits,etc and he is easily led into them conversations because they are all his favourite things he mostly likes.When she asks him if he likes petting and touching soft things he got truly excited,then she asked him if he wanted to touch her soft golden hair,he replys yes.When he is petting her soft locks of hair he starts to get more and more of a grip of her it,she tells him that is enough he blocks her verbalize out of his head and continues to have a firm grip,she tries to struggle away from him with no success,then when she screams Lennie got scared because he knew she would get him into trouble so with his bear like hands he covers her mouth but she still managed to shout for help so Lennie done the only thing he knew he would do to shut down her up for good,and breaks her neck like a twig.

Hr Live Project on Job Satisfaction & Employee Satisfaction

AMITY UNIVERSITY AMITY INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS SCHOOL(AIBS) PROjECT REPORT ON Job Satis situationion & Employee pleasure AT argonva T&D India Ltd. , Noida SUBMITTED TO Ms. CHITRA KRISHNAN GROUP MEMBERS * PRIYAL AGARWAL(A1802012201) * JAMSHED SHABIR() * GARIMA ARORA() * HARSH GOEL() * ASHISH TANWAR() sECTION- C MBA-IB gateway In the present scenario of worry world the only thing that is confirmed is change. Competent employees will non remain competent forever.Their clevernesss foundation deteriorate technology whitethorn collect their skills obsolete the organization may move into new beas changing the type of jokes that exist and the skills necessary to do them. Human Resource is the counterbalance which drives business competitiveness by identifying that changeless change in the business trends, hence need for constant up gradation of the employees skills and imple menting it with a variety of methods and training programs. Quality with come on creativity is meaningless as changes grow ever more unpredictable creativity is rapidly becoming recognized a lens nucleus forethought skill.Todays business environs demands that manager posses a wide range of knowledge skills and competencies, as well as sound understanding of management process and function. Managers need to be able to make best use of their time, talent and of other(a) people to dissemble with and through others to achieve corporate objectives. They excessively need to demonstrate their ability not merely to solve problems, but to transform them and mark ship fe mannish genitalsal through them. This report concerns argumentation bliss level and organizational climate, which atomic number 18 the important function in every organization.AREVA, World energy expert, offers its customer technological solutions for richlyly undeviating thermonuclear power generation and electricity transmission and distribution. With manufacturing facilities in 43 countries and a gross revenue e lectronic net treat in more than speed of light, AREVA offers customers reliable technological solutions for CO2- free power generation and electricity transmission and distribution. AREVA is the world attractor in nuclear power and the only confederation to c any over entirely industrial activities in this subject field.AREVA business help replete the twenty-first centurys greatest challenges making energy purchasable to all, protect the planet, and acting obligated toward afterlife day generation. As a solution provider, AREVA T&D move together and optimizes capabilities from different disciplines, T&D business and third party suppliers, to address customers specific problem, however complex, and add value to their business. The general project report provides analysis of Job satisfaction and employee satisfaction in Areva T&D India Ltd, Noida.The employees of Areva T&D India Ltd wee different attitude towards organization. There ar different dimensions through whic h we can die the attitude of the employees of the organization. COMPANY profile AREVA, World energy expert, offers its customer technological solutions for superiorly reliable nuclear power generation and electricity transmission and distribution. With manufacturing facilities in 43 countries and a sales net run away in more than 100, AREVA offers customers reliable technological solutions for CO2- free power generation and electricity transmission and istribution. AREVA is the world leader in nuclear power and the only social club to cover all industrial activities in this field. AREVA business help meet the twenty-first centurys greatest challenges making energy available to all, protecting the planet, and acting responsible toward future generation. AREVA T&D INDIA AREVA T&D is a worldwide specialiser in transmission system & Distribution. We design, pay and supply a complete range of products, systems and go for all stages in the transfer of electricity from generator to t he large end user.We ar pioneers in the field of Protection & watch with a proven track record of over eight decades. Our squad of T&D engineers is the largest team dedicated to T&D solutions. About 75% of the countrys load liquefy is managed by our Energy Management Systems.. AREVA T&Ds products and systems serve to transmit and distribute electricity, ensure the reliability, tonicity and safety of energy flows, as well as operate efficient net reports through entropy management.AREVA T&D offers a global response to customers value needs delivered by locally based resources in the areas of * Network consulting & equipment expertise and diagnosis. * Erection, commissioning and supervision. * Maintenance, including spares management. * Repair and emergency support. * Renovation and refurbishment. * Operation and asset management. * Training. As a solution provider, AREVA T&D bring together and optimizes capabilities from different disciplines, T&D business and third party s uppliers, to address customers specific problem, however complex, nd add value to their business. AREVAT&D enhance customers capabilities by bringing to them answers goed by market segments, through best arranges and industry-specific expertise in * Power Engineering * Distribution Power * Oil & Gas * Water * Pulp & Glass * Railways * archeological site & Metals At AREVA T&D, innovation is light upon to successfully differentiating and constantly gaining market share. The company spends 3% of sales (150 Million) on research and cultivation. This allocation is then used for each of the regions, where AREVA T&D has business activities.India is a key region for allocation of such Research & Development funds. AREVA T&D currently employs over 4300 people in India across 8 manufacturing Units and 22 Sales Offices. Your Company has been trend-setter in the field of high voltage switchgear and was the first to build the 765 kV Sub-station in India with National Thermal Power parti cipation Limited (NTPC) at SIPAT, Chhattisgarh. Around 70% of power flow in Indias transmission grids is managed by AREVA T&Ds Automation solutions.Your Company has to its credit a complete range of T&D Products, Systems, Services and Automation solutions. Areva Joint Venture AREVAs Transmission and Distribution division has denote today the signing of an go overment to form a 50/50 joint venture with the Russian company, United Company RUSAL (UC RUSAL), the worlds largest producer of aluminum. The joint venture will become the preferable supplier for turnkey projects, electrical equipment and services in the T&D field for UC RUSALs plants and is anticipate to generate $500 million in holy orders over the next five years.Through this partnership, UC RUSAL will secure key competencies to support its fast growing production capacity. For AREVA, partnering with UC RUSAL will enable the company to strengthen its position on the booming electro-intensive industries market, and to fu rther develop its activities in Russia. AREVA has longstanding experience and expertise in developing high direct current electricity supply systems for aluminum production sites around the world. In 2006, it designed and installed such a customized electrical system for UC RUSALs Sayanogorsk site in Siberia.Philippe Guillemot, Chairman and CEO of AREVAs Transmission and Distribution division, said This new partnership is in line with our strategy to reinforce our presence on the industries market. It in addition illustrates our strong commitment to support UC RUSALs development strategy by ensuring its secure assenting to key competencies in the electrical field. More about with manufacturing facilities in 41 countries and a sales network in more than 100 countries, AREVA offers customers reliable technological solutions for CO2-free power generation and electricity transmission and distribution.We are the world leader in nuclear power and the only company to cover all industria l activities in this field. Our 61,000 employees are committed to continuous improvement on a daily basis, making sustainable development the focal point of the groups industrial strategy. AREVAs businesses help meet the 21st centurys greatest challenges making energy available to all, protecting the planet, and acting responsibly towards future generations. AREVAs TD division is an active player around the globe.It designs, manufactures and supplies a complete range of equipment, systems and services for all stages in the transfer of electricity, from the generator to the large end-user. global presence We are one of the worlds leash T&D companies. We film over 25,000 employees located in more than 30 countries, with a dedicated sales force serving customers in over 100 countries. AREVA NPis the world leader in the design and construction of nuclear power plants and research reactors, engineering, instrumentation and control, modernization, maintenance and repair services, compon ent manufacture and supply of nuclear fuel.The jointly-owned company is headquartered in Paris, with regional subsidiaries in the U. S. and Germany. AREVA has a 66% and Siemens a 34% stake in AREVA NP. VISION AND MISSION Vision AREVA is to make the high profile of company and to acquire the brand name in the whole words. Their best products are for transmission and distribution. Mission At AREVA they face new and exciting challenges every day as they support the needs of customers. But in that locations also a bigger picture to career.Businesses help to meet the needs of the great endeavors of the 21st century making energy available to all, protecting the planet, and acting responsibly for future generations. Its a vision that includes innovating cleaner, safer, and more attainable energy to drive economies, develop cultures, and deepen life experiences. LOCATION elaborate AREVA T&D INDIA LIMITED. is located at Allahabad which is in the heart of the city where service is easily available for all customer and easy access compare with other place that available in city. arrangement has major impact on success or failure of operation.Advantages of this type of location are that service cost and distribution cost is minimum comparison with other place. The major investor service centers of Transformer & Distribution are as below. Our study is on its location in Noida. LAYOUT DETAILS There is a plan of all the act of planning & optimum arrangement of planning including flow of man & material and customer, operating equipment, computer memory space, material handling equipments and all other supporting services along with the design of best construction to contain all these facilities.PLANNING AND CONTROL It is useful for effective utilization of resources, to achieve organization goal and objectives with admire to quality service, cost control timely service to co-ordinate with other department to ensure continuous quality service. There is a proper planni ng and planning with respect to which type of scheme to be introduced, what are expenses of R&D for finding out feasibility of that scheme, how many people will work on that particular crinkle, before introducing new scheme.There is special research department for carrying out the analysis of market and thither is a fund manager who carries out all planning for investing in discordant sector and he is also responsible for controlling the cost of transaction so that it can stool return to investors. PRODUCTION & MAINTENANCE The production engineers ensure that the level of production complies with customer requirements, test and swan the facilities. AREVA is looking for young professionals who are keen to face technical challenges in the field, and to get involved in team management. -IMPROVEMENT & PROTECTION AREVAs line of business is highly demanding in terms of quality, safety and environmental preservation. Those functional in these fields are of major importance to the grou p and throw to its overall manageance. As a result, the professions spliceed to these fields puddle a very important place within the group, and support to the companys overall performance. - CUSTOMER SUPPORT AND SATISFACTION AREVA manages and develops technical and industrial solutions to meet customer requirements.Our sales engineers develop and obtain customer relations, prepare bids, negotiate and manage contracts and offer after-sales service. The role of the sales engineers is to develop and maintain customer relations. Prepare offers, negotiate and manage contracts and provide after-sales service. MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT Like other companies that work in complex fields and very different countries, AREVA uses its support activities to promote the strategic and functional development of the group. All of its executives and managers use expert skills to carry out their duties.JOB SATISFACTION Job satisfaction is how content an psyche is with his or her job. Scholars and human resource professionals generally make a distinction among affective job satisfaction and cognitive job satisfaction. Affective job satisfaction is the extent of pleasurable emotional incurings individuals have about their jobs overall, and is different to cognitive job satisfaction which is the extent of individuals satisfaction with particular facets of their jobs, such as pay, pension arrangements, work hours, and numerous other aspects of their jobs.Job satisfaction is a subjective, in the flesh(predicate) state perceived by the individual as being in his favor. It is the result of various attitudes possessed by worker. In a narrow sense, these attitudes are related to the job and conditions, advancement opportunities, and recognition of abilities, fair residual of grievances and other mistakable items. FACTORS AFFECTION JOB SATISFACTION * working(a) Conditions Be hasten employees spend so much time in their work environment each week, its important for companies to try to optimize working conditions.Such things as providing spacious work areas rather than cramped ones, adequate lighting and comfortable work stations contribute to favorable work conditions. Providing productivity tools such as upgraded information technology to help employees accomplish tasks more efficiently contributes to job satisfaction as well. * Opportunity for Advancement Employees are more satisfied with their current job if they see a path available to move up the ranks in the company and be given more indebtedness and along with it higher compensation.Many companies encourage employees to acquire more advanced skills that will lead to the chance of promotion. Companies a great deal pay the cost of tuition for employees taking university courses, for example. During an employees annual performance review, a supervisor should map out a path showing her what she needs to accomplish and what new skills she needs to develop in order to be on a track to advancement with in the organization. * Workload and Stress Level relations with a workload that is far too heavy and deadlines that are impossible to reach can cause job satisfaction to erode for even the most dedicated employee.Falling short of deadlines results in conflict between employees and supervisors and raises the stress level of the workplace. Many times, this environment is caused by ineffective management and poor planning. The office operates in a crisis mode because supervisors dont allow enough time for employees to perform their assigned tasks effectively or because cater levels are inadequate. * Respect from Co-Workers Employees seek to be treated with respect by those they work with. A contrary work environment with rude or unpleasant coworkers is one that usually has lower job satisfaction. * kind with SupervisorsEffective managers know their employees need recognition and praise for their efforts and accomplishments. Employees also need to know their supervisors door is al ways open up for them to discuss any concerns they have that are affecting their ability to do their jobs effectively and impeding their satisfaction at the office. * Financial Rewards Job satisfaction is impacted by an employees views about the fairness of the company prosecute scale as well as the current compensation she may be receiving. Companies need to have a mechanism in place to evaluate employee performance and provide earnings increases to top performers.Opportunities to suck special incentives, such as bonuses, extra paid time off or vacations, also bring excitement and higher job satisfaction to the workplace. EMPLOYEE SATSFACTION Employee satisfaction is essential to the success of any business. A high rate of employee contentedness is directly related to a lower derangement rate. Thus, keeping employees satisfied with their careers should be a major priority for every employer. While this is a well-known fact in management practices, economic downturns like the c urrent one seem to cause employers to ignore it.There are numerous reasons why employees can become discouraged with their jobs and resign, including high stress, lack of communication within the company, lack of recognition, or particular opportunity for appendage. Management should actively seek to improve these factors if they hope to lower their turnover rate. Even in an economic downturn, turnover is an expense best avoided. Employee satisfaction surveys provide the information needed to improve levels of productivity, job satisfaction, and loyalty. Organizations can identify the root causes of job issues and create solutions for improvements with an accurate perspective of employee views.There is a direct link between employee job satisfaction and financial results. The happier your employees are the more motivated and committed they will be to your organizations success. RESEARCH METHODOLOGEY Research is in common parlance refers to a search for knowledge. oneness can also define research as scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic. Well, all possess the vital instinct of inquisitiveness for, when the unknown confronts, we interrogate and our inquisitiveness makes us probe and attain full information and fuller understanding of the unknown, can be termed as research.Research comprises defining and redefining problem, suggesting solutions, collecting, organizing and evaluating data, making deductions and reaching conclusion and at lest carefully testing the conclusion. RESEARCH bod A research design is the arrangement of conditions for the collection and analysis of data in a look that aims to combine the relevance to research purpose with economy in procedure. In fact the research design is the conceptual structure within research is conducted, if it constitutes the blueprints for the collection measurement and the analysis of the data. DATA COLLECTIONBoth primary as well as the secondary data have their own importance, and I have collected data from primary as well as secondary sources, but how ever in my project work I have focused more on primary data. As stated, the primary data as collected with the help of questionnaire comprising of by questions. All the employees that constituted sample were approached individually. Secondary data was collected from Areva T&D India Ltd. by * books * Journals * Websites * Internet * Other sources. SAMPLING A sample size of 50 employees ( male & female both) working in Areva T&D India Ltd. ere taken into consideration. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE The target group comprised the employees of Areva T&D India Ltd. the sample was distributed in equal ratio both male and female officer. The respondents were selected randomly from HRD in Areva T&D India Ltd. QUESTIONNAIRE Name AGEGENDER QUALIFICATIONEXPERIENCE GRADEDEPARTMENT old age OF SERVICE The statements that follow are related to company, organization, organization climate and their job. Kindly indicate t he extent to which you agree with each statement by encircling any of the following options * 1 strongly coincide * 2 reserve 3 resist * 4 strongly discord Q1. Areva T&D India Ltd. is a intelligent company to work in? 1 2 3 4 Q2. The salary provided to you is competitive with those of other companies? 1 2 3 4 Q3. Monetary benefits such as bonus, allowances etc. , are provided to you concord to the industries practice. 1 2 3 4 Q4. Are you provided with sufficient opportunities for personal growth by the company? 1 2 3 4 Q5. Is the job assigned to you according to your qualification and caliber? 1 2 3 4 Q6. Does your job make the best use of your abilities? 1 2 3 4 Q7. Is your career growth in the company commensurate with your skill? 1 2 3 4 Q8. Is adapted job security provided to you by the company? 1 2 3 4 Q9. Do you feel that you have contributed in accomplishing the organization climate goal? 1 2 3 4 Q10. Do you involve yourself in your work? 1 2 3 4 Q11. Do yo u feel proud by doing the important work in this organization? 1 2 3 4 Q12. Are adequate responsibilities provided to you for your personal and organizational growth? 1 2 3 4 Q13. Do you feel that your work load is gain prescribe but not burdensome? 1 2 3 4 Q14. Are your working conditions congenial to perform the task assigned to you? 1 2 3 4 Q15. Does your team member equally contribute for each others goals? 1 2 3 4 Q16. Are the people you are working with highly motivating and hard working? 1 2 3 4 Q17. Are your colleagues are cordial to you in the organization? 1 2 3 4 Q18. Are your subordinates loyal to you? 1 2 3 4 Q19. Do you feel to tell your brag what you think? 1 2 3 4 Q20. Does the response from your boss create confidence in your work? 1 2 3 4 graphical data interpretationsQ1) Areva TD India Ltd. is a ingenuous company to work in? Male Female potently turn back 14 14 hold up 10 9 disagree 1 1 potently Disagree 0 0 Others 0 1 * repartee- concur run ning(a) Women-95% agree working men-90% compound hold Percentage-92. 5% * synopsis- Almost all employees agree that Areva TD India Ltd. is a skilful company to work with. There were hardly any employees disagreeing with the statement. This shows that Areva TD has a good environment where employees are willing to work. Q2) The salary provided to you is competitive with those of other companies? Male Female Strongly Agree 14 12 Agree 10 11 Disagree 1 2 Strongly Disagree 0 0 Others 0 0 * resolution- hold Working Women-95% Agreed Working Men-95% substance Agreed Percentage-95% * synopsis- 95% employees have agreed that the salary provided to them is comparable with those of similarly placed industries which show that the employees are very much satisfied with the basic salary provided to them by the organization. Q3) Monetary benefits such as bonus, allowances etc. , are provided to you according to the industries practice. Male Female Strongly Agree 12 12Agree 11 13 Disagree 1 0 Strongly Disagree 2 0 Others 1 0 * Response- Agreed working Women-100% Agreed Working Men-81% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-90. 5% * Analysis- 100% female employees feel that the monetary benefits like bonus, allowances provided by the company are in accordance into industries practice whereas only 81% male employees have agreed with female employees. Q4) Are you provided with sufficient opportunities for personal growth by the company. Male Female Strongly Agree 12 11 Agree 11 13 Disagree 1 0 Strongly Disagree 0 0 Others 1 1 * Response-Agreed Working Women-90% Agreed Working Men-83% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-86. 5% * Analysis- absolute majority of employees believe that on that point are growth opportunities available in the company. This helps to retain the employees in the organization and also to reduce the employee turnover of the company. Q5) Is the job assigned to you according to your qualification and caliber? Male Female Strongly Agree 10 11 Agree 10 9 Disagre e 3 2 Strongly Disagree 0 1 Others 2 2 * Response- Agreed Working Women-86% Agreed Working Men-80% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-83% * Analysis- It appears that ? f women employees feel that they are assigned the jobs in accordance to their qualification and caliber whereas 80% men agree that their jobs have been assigned in accordance to their qualification and caliber. Thus, according to us for future aspects the human resource manager should see that he is able to provide the employees the work they excel in. Q6) Does your job makes the best use of your abilities? Male Female Strongly Agree 10 12 Agree 11 8 Disagree 4 4 Strongly Disagree 0 1 Others 0 0 * Response- Agreed Working Women-80% Agreed Working Men-84% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-82% * Analysis-Comparatively, less helping of respondents feel that their abilities are not properly utilized or cashed by the company for do jobs. Hence, it is a very good sign for the organization. Q7) Is your career growth in the company commensurate with your skill? Male Female Strongly Agree 10 11 Agree 11 12 Disagree 1 1 Strongly Disagree 0 0 Others 3 1 * Response- Agreed Working Women-92% Agreed Working Men-86% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-88% * Analysis- 92% women feel that their growth in the organization is in accordance with the skills they possess whereas 86% men agreed with this statement.This perhaps reveal that men are more satisfied related to their skill applied and their job position as compared to women. Q8) Is Adequate job security provided to you by the company? Male Female Strongly Agree 13 14 Agree 12 11 Disagree 0 0 Strongly Disagree 0 0 Others 0 0 * Response- Agreed Working Women-100% Agreed Working Men-100% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-100% * Analysis- Each agreed employee feels secure on the job in Areva TD India Ltd and through this we can analyze that the employee turnover rate in the company would be very less.Q9) Do you feel that you have contributed in accomplishing the organization climate goal? Male Female Strongly Agree 12 11 Agree 11 10 Disagree 2 3 Strongly Disagree 0 0 Others 0 0 * Response- Agreed Working Women-87. 5% Agreed Working Men- 90% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-88. 75% * Analysis- Company has achieved its goal with proper contribution of both male and female employees and this is supported by 87. 5% women and 90% men. It also reveals that the self analysis of employees is in tune with the organizations achievements. Q10) Do you involve yourself in your work. Male Female Strongly Agree 13 16 Agree 12 9 Disagree 0 0 Strongly Disagree 0 0 Others 0 0 * Response- Agreed Working Women-100% Agreed Working Men-100% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-100% * Analysis- All male and female employees respond that they involve themselves in their work i. e. they are sincere towards their work which is a healthy point in the organization. Q11) Do you feel proud by doing the important work in this organization? Male Female Strongly Agree 13 14 Agree 12 11 Disagr ee 0 0 Strongly Disagree 0 0 Others 0 0 * Response-Agreed working Women-100% Agreed Working Men-100% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-100% * Analysis- Majority of employees favor that they are holding the important task in this organization and they are acting them very proudly. Thus we can analyze that the level of job satisfaction is high. Q12) Are adequate responsibilities provided to you for your personal and organizational growth? Male Female Strongly Agree 6 10 Agree 14 12 Disagree 5 2 Strongly Disagree 0 0 Others 0 1 * Response- Agreed Working Women-88% Agreed Working Men-80% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-84% * Analysis- 8% of the working women employees and 80% of men have agreed with the statement that the responsibilities provided to them for their personal and organizational growth are adequate. We can analyze that the company is maintaining a high level of employee satisfaction. Q13) Do you feel that your work load is challenging but not burdensome? Male Female Strongly Agree 8 10 Agree 12 11 Disagree 2 3 Strongly Disagree 2 1 Others 1 0 * Response- Agreed Working Women-86% Agreed Working Men-80% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-83% * Analysis- 86% of female employees and 80% of male employees of Areva TD India Ltd. re enjoying their job as a challenge, and do not feel that their work is burden on them. This reveals that officers by and large are ready to perform challenging jobs. Q14) Are your working conditions congenial to perform the task assigned to you? Male Female Strongly Agree 11 12 Agree 13 10 Disagree 1 3 Strongly Disagree 0 0 Others 0 0 * Response- Agreed working women-88% Agreed Working Men-96% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-92% * Analysis- 92% of respondents feel that Areva TD India Ltd. provides favorable working conditions to perform different task.This is one of the reasons behind high level of performance that the employees have been giving. Q15) Does your team members equally contribute for each others goals.? Male Female Strongly Agree 12 13 Agree 11 11 Disagree 2 1 Strongly Disagree 0 0 Others 0 0 * Response- Agreed working women-96% Agreed Working Men-92% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-94% * Analysis- Majority of employees agree to the fact that there is proper team work and understanding amongst the employees of Areva T&D Ltd. for achieving the goals. This also reveals that the goals of the organization and the employees are aligned.Q16) Are the people you are working with highly motivating and hard working.? Male Female Strongly Agree 10 11 Agree 12 9 Disagree 2 3 Strongly Disagree 0 0 Others 2 1 * Response- Agreed working women-84% Agreed Working Men-84% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-84% * Analysis- Encouragement and motivation to work hard and to perform with rigor in Areva T&D India ltd. is supported by 84% of male and female employees. This reveals that the organizational climate in Areva T&D Ltd. is motivating for the employees, and also that supervision and leadership in the organization is par sat isfactory.Q17) Are your colleagues are cordial to you in the organization? Male Female Strongly Agree 12 13 Agree 11 10 Disagree 4 1 Strongly Disagree 0 0 Others 0 1 * Response- Agreed working women-92% Agreed Working Men-84% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-88% * Analysis- Majority of employees agree that their colleagues are cordial to them. This reveals that by and large there is no conflict amongst employees and good spirit exists among employees irrespective of gender and the responsibilities assigned. Q18) Are your subordinates loyal to you? Male Female Strongly Agree 5 9 Agree 13 12Disagree 2 1 Strongly Disagree 0 0 Others 5 3 * Response- Agreed working women-84% Agreed Working Men-72% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-78% * Analysis- 84% of female employees feel that their subordinates are loyal to them, where as in the case of male employees the sense dependence is only 72%. This reveals that there might be some dissatisfaction in the minds of the supervisors towards their subor dinates, and also that the employees are not satisfied with the leadership skills of the supervisors. Q19) Do you feel to tell your boss what you think? Male Female Strongly Agree 5 11Agree 15 12 Disagree 2 1 Strongly Disagree 0 0 Others 3 1 * Response- Agreed working women-92% Agreed Working Men-80% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-86% * Analysis- A very good serving of respondents say that there is openness in Areva T&D India Ltd. , as they are free to discuss their problems and suggestions with their boss. It reveals that there is an open door policy in Areva T&D Ltd. and freedom to express their ideas. This also shows that the flow of communication in the organization is very good and supportive, as opportunities are provided to the employees to express themselves.Q20) Does the response from your boss creates confidence in your work? Male Female Strongly Agree 10 11 Agree 13 12 Disagree 1 2 Strongly Disagree 0 0 Others 1 0 * Response- Agreed working women-92% Agreed Working Me n-92% Aggregate Agreed Percentage-92% * Analysis- A good percentage of employees feel that their boss is having encouraging motivating personality whose response builds confidence in their work. This shows that the leadership, direction and motivation skills of the managers are par satisfactory. FINDINGS It is found that more number of employees both women and men are satisfied with the benefits and incentives provided to them in Areva T&D India Ltd. * It is found that both men and women equally agree that the salary provided to them is comparable to the industry and satisfied with their company. * Majority of men and women agree that proper oppurtunities are available in the industry. * It is found that the majority of women feel that they have contributed in accomplishing in companys goal as compared to men. * It is found that most of men feel that their team members contribute equally for each others goal. It is found that all the empolyees agree that they have maintained a good team spirit amongst them. * It is found that more percentage of men employees feel that the job assigned to them is according to their qualification and caliber than women employees. LIMITATIONS of the study * There is a limited sample size i. e. only 50 which is small because the aim of the study was to look into oddment in the responces of male and female employees. However, the number of working female employees were less as compared to the male employees in the organisation and the data was collected in equal ratio from both males as well as females. As the questionnaire was distributed amongest various employees of Areva T&D India Ltd. few of the employees were hasitant in answering the questionaries. * Some of the employees in Areva T&D India Ltd. were given enough time to answer to questionnaire but still they were not able to do the required. * Some employees did not respond few questions because they were not sure about the answer as the questionair was in the objective fo rm. * A very busy as well as hectic scedule was prevalent which was an obstruction.

Facts on Canada’s CN Tower

During Torontos building boom in the early 70s, a serious problem was developing. mickle were experiencing poor quality television. The pre-skyscraper contagious disease towers of Toronto stations were simply not high enough bothmore.As office buildings were orbit higher and higher, the video reply and radio signaq got weaker and soon became alomst inpossible to recieve. Signals from Toronto and from Buffalo, New York were bouncing off the buildings. As a result viewers often saw a weaker station superimposed over another. So the were honoring two shows at once. It became clear that they needed a antenna that would not only be taller than any building in the city, but one that would be taller than anything that would probably ever be make.Today, the microwave receivers which distill in distant signals are about 305 metres or 1000 feet up (inside that white donut-like thing), and the top of the transmission antenna is 553.33 metres or 1815 feet 5 inches high (thats the very to p).Because of this, we enjoy some of the clearest TV and radio reception in North America. An extra little tidbit you may not have known It wasnt until new in the design process that the architects decided to turn the rule into a Tourist Attraction.The CN Tower was built by the Canadian National Railway.Opened to the public on June 26, 1976Official opening on October 1, 1976 correct cost (1997 dollars) $250 millionNumber of construction workers 1,537Total weight of the Tower 117,910 metric tonnes (130,000 tons)Volume of concrete 40,523.8 cubic metres (53,000 cubic yards)Reinforcing steel 4,535 metric tonnes (5,000 tons)Structural steel 544.2 metric tonnes (600 tons)Number of elevators 6 (including 2 which officially opened March 20, 1997)Speed of elevators 6 metres/ guerrilla (20 feet/second)Slow speed of elevators (in high winds) 1.5 metres/second (5 feet/second)Attendance about 1.8 million per yearTotal round (off season) approximately four hundredTotal staff (peak season) appr oximately 550Maximum sway in 190 km/h winds with 320 km/h gusts (120 miles per hour winds with 200 mph gusts) Antenna 6 ft., 8 in. from centreSky Pod 3 ft., 4 in. from centreTower Sphere 1 ft., 7 in. from centreThickness of windows Outer pane 9.5 mm (3/8 inch), inner pane 6.4 mm (1/4 inch)Capacity of 360, The Restaurant at the Tower 400 sightTime it takes to revolve once 72 minutesCapacity of Horizons coffeehouse 500 peopleBroadcast Facilities UHF, VHF Television FM Radio Microwave Transmissions Fixed Mobile SystemsCompanies that broadcast from the TowerCBC Channel 5 & 25, CFMT 47, CFTO 9, City 57, Global/CIII 41, TV Ontario 19, LOOK Communications (Digital), CHFI/Rogers, CFNY FM, CHIN FM, confederate FM, CILQ FM, CJEZ FM, CJRT FM, CKFM FM, Bell Canada, Cantel, Motorola, TTCThickness of The Glass Floor 2 1/2 . Layers, from the top down 3/16 scuff plate (replaced annually) Two 1/2 layers of clear tempered glass, laminated unneurotic A one inch layer of air (for insulation) Two 1/4 layers of clear tempered glass, laminated together Size of each panel 42 by 50 Load tests are performed annually on each panel to ensure safetyToronto certainly does, and we appreciate the time the spare-time activity groups and publications recently took to sinlessness the CN TowerThe CN Tower extends congratulations to II by IV Design Associates partners Dan Menchions and Keith Rushbrook in winning the following design awards from the Assocation of Registered Interior Designers of Ontario (ARIDO)Designers of the Year, GOLD for Public and Institutional Spaces CN Tower Public Circulation Space, SILVER for retail Spaces CN Tower Market Place Retail Centre, SILVER for Restaurants and Bars CN Tower Market Place CafeCity Parent, A Metroland Newsmagazine For City Families chose us as the Best Tourist Attraction in Toronto in the Fourth Annual Readers Selection AwardsVoted the Best Place to Take Out-Of-Towners by Eye MagazineAmerican Society of Civil Engineers, who accredited us as being one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern creationGuinness concur of World Records changed our status to Worlds Tallest Building and Free Standing Structure and highlighted us on the cover of their 1996 Edition in a flash Magazine Best Place to Impress Out-of-Town VisitorsToronto Sun Readers Choice Awards Favourite Toronto Attraction international Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions Brass Ring Award 1 Radio Campaign for AttractionsWorld Wildlife Fund of Canada Bird Friendly Building AwardFederal Energy Innovator Award for cognition of innovative leadership in the pursuit of energy management opportunitiesToronto Tourism Award Ontario SuperHost for Staff study & EducationInternational Digital Media Awards Gold for Best Kiosk/Installation for EcoDekEnvironment Canada Great Lakes raptorial bird Recovery PlaqueTourism Toronto Award Best Attraction, 1995.

Relationship Between Management and Leadership

Strategic management refers to the coordination of material, human, financial and technological resources of an organisation to enable it and on the whole its stakeholders to achieve their stipulated conclusions in an hard-hittingly and efficiently. Leadership is the process of organising, supporting and directing the undivideds in an organisation with the aim of influencing them to influence in pursuit of the goals and missions of an organisation. The two terms ar inseparable and are therefore used inter swopably in strategic management.Strategic management and leadership are closely linked hence making it awkward to differentiate between the two. Strategic management involves suitable planning, organisation of activities, controlling of the organisations activities so that the missions and goals rear be met goodly and indigence of the employees and other stakeholders for the success of the organisation (Adeniyi 36). All these activities are impossible without a neat lead ership in the organisation. The leaders are delegated with the duty of deviseting the goals of an organisation and making decisions on the topper way of achieving them.They similarly organise the resources and stave group activities in the best way possible for veracious performance. The leaders correct and monitor the activities going on in the organisation to ease the process of goal attainment. It is the duty of leaders to motivate the employees so that they can perform their duties with the interest of the organisation at heart. They film decision on the best leadership path to be implemented in the performance of the diverse activities so as to meet the expected results. Under strategic management the employees work just to honor with the goals directed by those in the authority.Although the employees achieve their expected goals, it is evidenced that majority of them comply extern solelyy and give way to interiorize the goals into their own value system (Adeniyi 20). L eadership comes in at this point to ensure that the employees internalise the goals through enhancement of private acceptance which is achieved by increasing the willingness of the followers. The management can enhance this by electing leaders who are in close contact with the employees thus can easily influence them as they work.It is also possible to increase willingness by electing employees representatives who will attend the face-offs on behalf of the other staff thus involving every individual in the process of decision making. Management and leadership have a variety of impacts on the strategic decisions made by the organisation. Proper management enables an organisation to become much efficient since it enhances the adoption of various forms of management skills that facilitate coordination, communication and participation of all the members at all levels of performance (Adeniyi 32).In majority of organisations the CEOs have adopted the management styles that magnanimously equip the employees with a gigantic range of information thus ensuring that all the stakeholders contribute effectively in the exploitation of the organisation. The leadership style plays a major role in the organisational behaviour and activities. Authoritarian leadership style is only effective when utilise on a new employee since they are learning and have to follow certain directives. It is also beneficial when the managers have to make an emergency decision and has no time for consultations.Managers utilising participative leadership style are good strategic decision makers since it involves all the stakeholders in the process of decision making though the last(a) decision is maintained by the authority. This leadership style helps in improving the performance since every individual makes the efforts to be informed, knowledgeable and skilful to compete effectively with the others as well as give viable suggestions which are of benefit to the entire organisation.Laissez fa ire leadership style has a positive impact in those organisations that punctuate on creativity, invention and innovation. This is because the leader gives directives of what ought to be done and the employees take the initiative of analysing the situation and make a decision on what ought to be done and the way to do it. This type of leadership is important in identification of potential future leaders since some capers require the workers to work together to achieve the set targets.A leader among the workers can be identified by fellow workmates to ensure that the entire task is completed effectively. According to Lussier& Achua (79) proper management and utilisation of the right leadership styles have a swell contribution in self motivation and embracing change. Self motivation is essential in the growth of an organisation since it enables the workers with dependency personality to be inspired so that they can effectively work with the nonsymbiotic minded workers for the benefi t of the organisation.Self motivated workers embrace creativity, invention and innovation since they focus on meeting their goals other than putting emphasis on reward and recognition. The level of technology is changing drastically and all the organisations have to respond positively to these changes for good performance. This is achieved through proper management and leadership strategies which offer education to employees thus equipping them with the necessary information required in achievement of their goals.Although autocratic leadership is non the best in management, there are certain situations in which it can be utilised effectively. It can be used when training new employees so that they can know the procedures to follow, when the organisation is under pressing to produce large volumes, when the time for decision making is limited, when an employee attempts to challenge the authority unnecessarily and also in poorly managed departments (Lussier& Achua 111). The managers have to utilise their power without consulting and even use punishments in these situations for effective running of the business.bureaucratic leadership style can also be used when everything in the organisation must be carried out in accordance with a certain policy or procedure such as in the police force. It is effective if the organisation performs tasks by following a certain routine everywhere and over again, if they have to meet certain standards, if the employees are using delicate and dangerous equipments which have a strict procedure of operation and also in tasks that involve handling cash.Banks, police force, security firms and small finance institutions are a good example of those firms that have to employ bureaucratic style for proper performance Democratic leadership is essential if the employees have to be at par with the issues affecting their work and if they are delegated with the responsibilities of problem solving and decision making.It should be applied if it is essential for the employees to be informed on the matters affecting the business, if the leader wants to share the problem solving duty with employees, if the problem at hand requires lot of input for a solution to be obtained, when one wants to encourage team building and when the managers intend to change their ways of operation. This style can be applied in a manufacturing firm that intends to improve on quality of the product.Another common style is the laissez faire leadership. It is adopted in those companies that have creative, inventive and innovative individuals who jollify working with full freedom and are delegated with the duty of making decisions, determine goals and solve the problems by themselves. It is effective in organisations with highly educated, experienced and skilled employees, if the employees are committed to their work and have self motivation which enables them to successively run their errands.It can be employed by managers with trustworthy emplo yees or when working with experts and specialists chartered from outside to (Lussier& Achua 78). Proper strategic management goes hand in hand with the leadership style applied by an individual. For an organisation to successfully meet its goals, the managers have to employ the right leadership styles so as to enhance the employees self motivation. The various leadership styles should be applied in the right situations to rid of conflicts, immature resignations, absenteeism and other irresponsible behaviours by the employees.

Patriarchy And Violence Against Women Essay

Author Charlotte Perkins Gilman in her The semisynthetic World or Our Androcentric Culture (1911) presents the most comprehensive pedagogy of her all overall supposition. In it she argues that we live in a patriarchy or what she calls an androcentric, male-centered society and that our culture in all its aspects reflects this androcentric bias. Gilman sees this bias as ravaging because the male sensitivity is destructive.A woman-centered, or better a mother-centered, world would be very different, because it would demo the positive, benign character pf wo handss sensitivities. In this work, and in His Religion and Hers, Gilman presents her most native statement of the prow differences between men and women. These differences she attributes to prehistoric roles assigned the two sexes. The male naturally fights, and naturally crows, triumphs over his pair and takes the prize in that respectfore, he was made male.Maleness means war (92) while the basic feminine heart rate is t o gather, to put together, to construct the basic mannish impulse to scatter, to disseminate, to destroy (114). A male-centered culture reflects these negative masculine concerns in nearly every area of expression. Some of Gilmans most original contributions to feminist theory are contained in her discussion of the ideological warp impressed upon language, art, literature, sports, education, government and religion by the androcentric perspective. trance public society is organized as a democracy, the man-made home remainsdespotism. The male is prise the head of the family it belongs to him he maintains it and the rest of the world is a wide hunting ground and battlefield wherein he competes with other males as of old (41). In the proprietary family of the patriarchate, women remain mens property in the household they are little more than objects whose purpose is first and foremost a means of sport to him (32).Every law and custom of the family relation is arranged from the masc uline viewpoint (35). From this same viewpoint comes the necessity that the woman shall serve the man. (35). A greater argufy occurs when campaigns to improve grammatical gender equality by promoting the upbeat of the marginalized are conducted in sync with trade and education policies that favor the economically strong multinationals and compromise the welfare of the lowly locals, particularly the helpless women and children.We ought to remember that sexism and patriarchy are all manifestations of a power crusade between the strong and the weak, the same kind of struggle linked to orbiculateization and trade liberalization today. patriarchy involves an imbalance of power between man and woman leading to unequal roles and benefits, a situation that squirt be seen in a larger context between the developing and the industrialized economies, as the last mentioneds efforts to spread globalization and to weaken the formers trade laws also leads to unequal gains. globalisations capitalistic intent, although beneficial in several ways since it brings development to despicableer states, may be heathen imperialism dressed in new clothes when the more powerful party uses its stronger bargaining authority to bullshit or exploit. (Gilman) In no developing region do women experience equality with men. This clear-cut statement from the World Bank, the reputed international monetary institution, relays one of the most apparent yet often overlooked realities of our eongender inequality.Gender inequality is a significant social concern that deserves to be analyzed with the last-place diligence using both empirical and scholastic evidences. This inequality is deeply entangled in the material of the everyday lives of many men and women, and it has been in existence since time immemorial. Gender inequality, from its very name, implies an un flat interference ground on ones gender. Essentially, gender inequality is the prejudice that one gender, usually the fem ale, is secondary winding and subordinate to the more capable and hence superior male gender.Many societies practice gender inequality, with the men reinforcing it and the women passively receiving it, because it is considered part of an enduring patriarchal culture. Deviating from this norm means that one runs the risk of being mark a weak husband or a bad, undeserving wife. Both cases are an embarrassment to the soul and the family. The causes and effects of gender inequality are part of a larger network of social problems that aggregate the difficulties people face everyday.It is deeply connect to other social problems, such as poverty, economic produce and development, and globalization. The World Bank (2001) underscored the nonion that gender issues are now more prominent in debates related to development, though the relevance of a gendered perspective in policy-making is yet to be widely understood. Thus, based from its report, gender inequality ought to be considered wh en drafting developmental policies for poor and developing states because failing to take into billhook gender roles and relations as well as disparities lead to policies that have limited effectiveness (p. 5).Although gender disparity is characteristic of developing and poor states, it is not restricted to them. This phenomenon is also observed in wealthier and authentic regions where both men and women are relatively affluent and do not experience scarcity of resources. In these rich societies, minor but noticeable gender-based discrimination remains. Gender discrimination crosses races, classes and ethnicity remarks Lucy Bednarek (1998, p. 60) in her article, Searching for equation in a Global Economy. Compared to the gender gap in these wealthier states, gender inequality in poor states poses graver consequences to its citizens.The devalued women and their children feel the pangs of poverty and bear the heavier brunt of economic unproductivity with greater intensity, compared with the men who possess greater freedom, privilege, and economic and political control. As stated by the UN (2004) in Trade and Gender, A gendered perspective of development is seen as a difficult enough task, so that extending the gendered come up to the realm of trade is considered to be an even bigger challenge (55).Yet the organization believes that international trade must assume a gendered approach wherein accelerated economic growth and sustainable development will take place without endangering the well-being of the women and children in the community. The issue of trade has become so important in the consideration of gender equality because the accredited multilateral trade negotiation and regional trade agreements (RTAs) have pervaded state development policies.Because of these ubiquitous bi- and multilateral negotiations and agreements, governments do not just make decisions solely for the state but also according to the dictates of the global and regional environment or the overall plan of their affiliated economic groups. This environment therefore affects policies on gender for the UN (2004, 56), Every major move in the trading system can have post or indirect implications for a countrys gender welfare, equity and development goals. The crime of profane and other forms of violence against women have come into increasing focus in recent years, due in part to the rising prominence of the feminist movement. Rape has come to be widely perceived not only as a means of obtaining sexual gratification but rather as an extreme manner of expressing hostility to women. This broader definition of the term is related to the heightened awareness that far more often than not sexual aggression occurs within the context of courtship or friendship relationships (called acquaintance rape or date rape) or even that of marriage.The recognition that the forms of coercion used by men over women can go beyond direct and overt use of force brings legal theory adja cent to reality. However, some scholars fear that expanding conceptualization of rape and the imprecise definition of sexual harassment serve to obnubilate the distinction between the sexes, especially between the expanded conceptualization of rape and male initiated seduction.These problems in delimitate behavior can exacerbate the difficulty in obtaining rape convictions from male jurors who may perceive an disquieting similarity between some of their own past actions and those of a defendant in such cases. Clearly, there is heightened sensitivity to the problems of rape and sexual harassment that will lead to accelerated efforts in legal and legislative policy formation. Reflecting this heightened sensitivity is the $1. 6 billion in the 1994 Crime Bill to fund Violence against Women Act. The challenge is to fight rape and harassment in all their forms while protecting the rights of women.