tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6239737791502887932024-03-12T20:28:07.078-07:00International relations research questionsAnnahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11620159154595507274noreply@blogger.comBlogger246125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-623973779150288793.post-32413701726453583342020-08-27T04:57:00.001-07:002020-08-27T04:57:02.923-07:00Birmingham Campaign free essay sampleCrusade â⬠Essay notes Cause â⬠¢Underlying reason for history of subjection, liberation, isolation/Jim Crow laws. â⬠¢Long term reason for developing Black Civil Rights development gathering speed and bringing issues to light of issue. Past Black Civil rights battles that motivated and started e. g. Occasions, for example, Montgomery Bus Boycott which gave MLKing his first enormous influential position. Additionally Freedom Riders, Brown VS leading group of Ed. â⬠¢Birmingham was one of the most exceedingly awful isolated enormous urban areas in the USA â⬠¢History of unforgiving and brutal isolation and abuse of dark residents, KKK backing and participation, focal point of bigotry in the South â⬠¢Government authorities star isolation â⬠¢SCLC-Kingââ¬â¢s bunch â⬠¢NAACP was prohibited â⬠¢Eg. Bull Connor and â⬠¦.. â⬠¢The disappointment of Albany-absence of exposure. â⬠¢Event â⬠¢Police brutality â⬠¢Dog assaults â⬠¢High pressure hoses â⬠¢Arrests. â⬠¢By-standers savagery â⬠¢Childrenââ¬â¢s Crusade (essential and optional) â⬠¢Martin Luther King being captured â⬠¢Letter from Birmingham Jail â⬠¢Ã¢â¬Å"Project Câ⬠= direct activity and incitement â⬠¢Non-rough incitements osit ins at White Churches, walks, blacklists, lunch counters and so on. We will compose a custom article test on Birmingham Campaign or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page â⬠¢Use of kids to fuel fight Consequence â⬠¢Publicity â⬠¢National/International compassion â⬠¢White backfire â⬠oSixteenth St Baptist Church bombarding murdering 4 young ladies oHotel besieged where Martin Luther King Jr and SCLC had stayed oMartin Luther King Jrââ¬â¢s sibling Alfredââ¬â¢s house shelled â⬠¢Riots â⬠¢March on Washington â⬠¢Civil Rights Act of 1964 â⬠¢Governor Wallace sent State Troops to stop integration of schools and accordingly Present Kennedy sent Federal Troops. â⬠¢Martin Luther Kingââ¬â¢s notoriety (ââ¬Å"I have a dreamâ⬠discourse). Nobel Peace prize 1964. â⬠¢Positives: oââ¬Å"Jim Crowâ⬠laws brought down integrating open offices eg Lunch counters, water fountains and so forth oAllowed Black business oMore rights for Black residents Annahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11620159154595507274noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-623973779150288793.post-31125099494676859212020-08-22T10:43:00.001-07:002020-08-22T10:43:37.754-07:00Analyzing The Magical Realism Styles Of Genres English Literature Essay free essay sampleBeguiling practicality is a tasteful way or sort in writing in which enchanting components are mixed into a reasonable vibe so as to course a more profound misgiving of world.[ 1 ]Cases of enchanting sober mindedness are pervasive in both The House of the Spirits and Wide Sargasso Sea, by way of utilization of components of Mysticism and Occult. In The House of the Spirits, Clara has been portrayed as a juvenile miss with heavenly capacities of second sight and psychokinesis. All through the novel we see her capacity to envision the great beyond, move objects without contacting them and understand dreams to arranged offices and terminals. Nonetheless, in the Wide Sargasso Sea, Antoinette unwilling use of obi to recoup the lost love of her hubby does non take to matrimonial beyond happy. In the Wide Sargasso Sea, Antoinette is rather loner and accepts that the universe is flippant and Christophine, her amah who examples mysterious remains her solitary associate and the 1 who can deliver God-like magic. Antoinette trusts that her marriage will work out an amazing employments. In any case, Christophine s magic completely blowbacks and is a cardinal factor which prompts her grievous terminal. She believes everything to be destiny and destiny. As a child, Antoinette comprehends from her new retainers that Christophine examples of Obeah. The author shows Antoinette imagine ofing a visit to Christophine s place, where she sees rather ambiguous items. At her home she envisions a dead grown-up guys dried manus, white poulet tufts, and a prick with its pharynx cut. When qualm and obscurity come into the relationship, she reluctantly goes to Christophine to look for help. Christophine cautiousnesss Antoinette that using Obeah would simply do her hubby experience a sexual want for her, non love. She says, Even in the event that I can do him go to your bed, I can non do him love you. [ 2 ]It is obviously stressed that Christophine understands the uselessness of the utilization of magic on Antoinette s hubby. She discloses to Antoinette that When grown-up male do nt love you, more you attempt, more he loathe you, grown-up male like thataëâ â ¦ [ 3 ]and that aÃâ à ¦If the grown-up male do nt love you, I ca nt do him love you. [ 4 ]She other than cautions her that Obeah works fundamentally on and for Black individuals and non on the White people . Christophine tells Antoinette, aÃâ à ¦Too other than that is non for beke . Awful, awful issue com when beke intrude with that. [ 5 ]Christophine advices her to decide for another approach to choose occupations of her marital life. Be that as it may, Antoinette has capitulated to her evil destiny and accepts that there is no other hotel to revive her marriage. She urges Christophine to make her order. You should I will hush up, I will non yell. In any case, Christophine, in the event that he, my hubby, could come to me one dim. Again. I could do him love me. [ 6 ] Hesitantly, Christophine consents to prepare an elixir with the expectation that it may help Antoinette determine her hubby s love. Be that as it may, Christophine s hope of awful, awful issue is the solitary outcome. The Potion does non incite the pined for result on her hubby ; on the other hand, entirely as opposed to the plan for which the elixir was devised, it moves him into the weaponries of Amelie, the house amah. Moreover, he gets fierce with her, inferring that she has attempted to harm him, deduces that she could be each piece crazed as her female parent was before her and orchestrates them to go forward Coulibri each piece in no time as could reasonably be expected. In England, Antoinette is detained and is taken care of by Grace Poole. She essentially stays a doll in the authorities of her inconsistent hubby. At the point when she is secured up in the Attic, she can't recover what her identity is and chases for a mirror to recognize herself. Thusly, the use of powerful p rompts a nullification of her distinction. She does nt recognize her progression sibling and scrambles at him with a blade when he comes to run into her. It appears as though her memory has been eradicated and she can't recollect that anything. In this way we see the utilization of heavenly acquiring anarchy the life of the supporter in Jean Rhys Wide Sargasso Sea. In The House of the Spirits, Clara is depicted as a bit of an upbeat days gone by in the main section of the novel, her universe of glad quick ones, the Canis familiaris, and her association with her uncle and his stored abundance of beguiling quick ones. Little does she cognize how enchanting of brand accept, finesse of the manus would in this way take her to a vast expanse of segregation where she would only pass on with alcohols, and consequently escape from world to the stunning universe of mixers. Her willful quietness cleared way to the universe of mixers who she could partner to superior to a cold merciless universe. We see the crisp start with Severo Del Valle s political affiliation and how it intercedes with Clara s phenomenal enrichment of second sight. The essayist makes this understood in the extremely first section the scene at Church and thereupon, when the Del Valle family is advised to go forward when Clara says something about snake pit. She is supposed to be Possessed She s controlled by the Satan! [ 7 ]by Father Restrepo. Clara s guardians accept that if individuals understand that she is has a bizarre, numinous establishment it could debilitate Severo del Valle s political desires and the family unit may go a start of delight or scorn. Thus, she is non presented to society and is held restricted to the house which advances these irregular characteristics. Clara anticipates her marriage with Esteban Trueba, who at one purpose of clasp was her sister s life partner . She does non get hitched Esteban because of the acquiescence of her feelings however rather out of a premonition she gets about her destiny. She accept it to be her destiny and thinks about it to inescapable. Mystic consultation gives her a resistance instrument against the lesser evaluation universes of life. It cautions her of the inevitable occasions which she evidently acknowledges: aÃâ à ¦Severo and Nivea Del Valle had diedaÃâ à ¦Clara discovered in her fantasy before every other person. [ 8 ] Make me some help Senor, measure through here and manus me that grown-up female s caput you ll see lying on the land. [ 9 ] Everything will turn out fineaÃâ à ¦It s non one, it s two. The twins will be called Jaime and Nicolas, severally. [ 10 ] However Clara s endeavors to turn up Ferula end up being inadequate. She is only ready to see her soul. She says that You ca nt happen individual who does nt want to be found. The three Mora sisters are Clara s Astral sisters. They learn of Clara s being through clairvoyant contact with her. They, along with Clara summon mixers. The remainder of the enduring Mora sisters, Luisa Mora, prophetically cautions Alba of the threat that anticipates her in the event that she makes plans to shack in the state after the putsch. In Clara s life, beguiling plays an extremely of import work. Her mystic consultations, in one way or the different detaches and separations her from typical individuals as other than individuals who care about her and plug up suffering for it. Enchantment loans to her phantasmagoric thoughts and imaginativenesss. Nonetheless, it other than makes her mental when she is compelled to confront world, as she has neer been firmly identified with world. Antoinette experiences condition of affairss in which she is compelled to use enchanting as the last change to choose her occupations ; on the different manus Clara s numinous capacities are inherent. Differentiating to Antoinette, Clara does nt use her capacities for individual increments yet for helping individuals. Both the female supporters utilize otherworldly and supernatural quality to achieve some felicity and harmony and to come to footings with the harshness in their lives. Anyway it bombs in an enormous way to pass on about a charmed stoping to their lives. While it prompts the Nemesis of one ( Antoinette ) , it for good separations the other ( Clara ) from individuals who could hold been a significant segment, however were consigned to the foundation in the immense canvas of her mysterious life. Annahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11620159154595507274noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-623973779150288793.post-49005667750918907732020-08-21T08:25:00.001-07:002020-08-21T08:25:28.781-07:00Winner Of Blogussion Inspired Thesis SkinWinner Of Blogussion Inspired Thesis Skin Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Winner Of Blogussion Inspired Thesis SkinUpdated On 23/04/2017Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : EditorialShort URL : http://hbb.me/2ozfOyB CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogHope you are aware about the Blogussion Inspired Thesis Skin giveaway. 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If you want to get quick updates regarding that, you can subscribe us and participate easily.READExperimental: A HTML5 Premium Blogger Template Annahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11620159154595507274noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-623973779150288793.post-83780903168506398262020-05-25T08:13:00.001-07:002020-05-25T08:13:03.143-07:00Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th president of the United... Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th president of the United States of America was born on October 27, 1858. He was born in New York City, New York to his parents Theodore Roosevelt, Sr. and Martha Bulloch Roosevelt. When he was little he had many health problems, such as asthma. He also had chronic stomach pains and headaches. Because of these problems, he didnââ¬â¢t go outside often, so he stuck to reading books and other types of indoor entertainment. When he was eighteen years old he moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts, and applied to Harvard University. Almost in his third year of Harvard he married his girlfriend, Alice Hathaway Lee. A year or two passed after his marriage when he graduated from Harvard University. Many good things startedâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The number went up to six when his daughter Alice came to live with them. When he returned to New York, he wanted to reenter politics. Theodore Roosevelt was appointed as the head of the U.S. Civil Service Commission er in 1889. After this, he stepped down and became New York City Police Commissioner. He served as police commissioner of the New York Police Department for two years, and then he accepted his new appointment as Assistant Secretary of the Navy, given to him by President McKinley. As Assistant Secretary of the Navy, his work was geared towards making the U.S. Navy stronger and preparing them for any potential threats, such as from the Spanish Empire. When war did break out between Spain and the United States in 1898, he was ready. He told Admiral Dewey to attack the Spanish in the Philippine Islands. He then resigned his post as assistant secretary and helped organize and lead a volunteer regiment in the Army known as the Rough Riders. Under his leadership, the Rough Riders defeated the Spanish garrison in the Battle of San Juan Hill in Cuba in July of 1898. After the war was over, he became famous for drafting the letter that was for the end of the U.S. occupation of Cuba. With his fame as a war hero, he became a candidate for office as governor of New York in 1898. He continued to fight for political reform. To get rid of him, Boss Platt nominated RooseveltShow MoreRelatedTheodore Roosevelt And The Cuban War1086 Words à |à 5 Pageshistory is Theodore Roosevelt. During his life, he made a great impact on America. Roosevelt was the 26th president and fought in the Spanish-American War, also known as the Cuban War. He was the most influential person who supported the completion of construction of the Panama Canal. One of the first and most important National Parks, Theodore Roosevelt National Park in western North Dakota, was named after him too. During his presidency, he inspired many. If it was not for Theodore Roosevelt, our societyRead MoreWoodrow Wilson And Theodore Roosevelt Essay1463 Words à |à 6 PagesAs Americ a approached the 20th century it had achieved great prestige in the world for having a prosperous economy built on free market system. The facets of an American identity mostly revolved around corporate power and stability. The corporations grew at a national scale effortlessly, and within years, international; the United States was following similar footsteps of the British East India Company as an emulation to the western hemisphere. Contracted railroads, lands, and farms were the cruxRead MoreTheodore Teddy Roosevelt And The President Of The United States955 Words à |à 4 Pages Theodore ââ¬Å"Teddyâ⬠Roosevelt was the 26th president of the United States. He was born in New York City on October 27, 1858. His parents, Theodore and Martha Bulloch Roosevelt, had 4 children. Teddyââ¬â¢s brotherââ¬â¢s name was Elliot, and his sisters were Anna and Corinne. As a child, Teddy was active and curious. He had asthma, though, and was also nearsighted. He traveled a lot with hi s family. He went to Europe and the Middle East when he was 10 and 14. When he was 12, his father built a gymnasium forRead MoreTheodore Roosevelt s Study Of The War Of 18121318 Words à |à 6 PagesBackground Theodore Roosevelt was born on October 27, 1858 and died on January 6, 1919. He was the son of Theodore Roosevelt Senior, and Martha Stewart Bulloch, and was fortunate enough to attend Harvard University and Colombia Law School. He accomplished a lot of things in his life which led to him having a successful career in whatever he pursued. He was a politician, author naturalist, soldier, explorer, and historian who happened to become the 26th president of the United States of America. Read MoreEssay on Theodore Roosevelt907 Words à |à 4 Pages Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt the 26th president of the United States, was born at 33 East 20th Street in New York on October 27, 1858.His father was a man of some wealth and importance in civic affairs. A prosperous family like the Roosevelts had a better than most people in that era. At eight years of age he was sickly and delicate and then his interest in natural-history started at this early age. Through sports and outdoor living, he became rugged and a love of the strenuousRead MoreThe American Of American Identity Essay1520 Words à |à 7 PagesAs America approached the 20th century, it had achieved great prestige in the world for having a prosperous economy built on a free market system. The facets of an American identity mostly revolved around corporate power and stability. The corporations grew at a national scale effortlessly, and within years, international; the United States was following similar footsteps of the British East India Company to emulate itââ¬â¢s exploits in the western hemisphere. Contracted railroads, lands, and farms wereRead MoreIntroduction. In ââ¬Å"The Man With The Muck-Rake,â⬠Theodore1327 Words à |à 6 PagesIntroduction In ââ¬Å"The Man with the Muck-Rake,â⬠Theodore Roosevelt used diction, symbolism, and ethos to convey his convictions on the social and political evils in progressive era America in order to shed light on the necessity of a proper and honest society. Historical Background In the late nineteenth century, America was a country in its prime of industrialization and immigration influx. Known as the Gilded Age, this period defined the United States as the bustling powerhouse it is today, but atRead MorePresident Theodore Roosevelt : The President Of The United States Of America1210 Words à |à 5 PagesPresident Theodore Roosevelt was the 26th President of the United States of America. Roosevelt was an adaptive compliant President. He expressed great work ethic and leadership during his time in the White House. In fact while he was in office Roosevelt viewed the President as the ââ¬Å"steward of the peopleâ⬠and kept that mindset all throughout his presidency. President Roosevelt in history is one of the youngest Presidents to assume the position of office. The start of Rooseveltââ¬â¢s Presidency startedRead MoreTheodore Roosevelt . Introduction To The Life Of Theodore1574 Words à |à 7 PagesTHEODORE ROOSEVELT Introduction to the Life of Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt was born October 27, 1858 in New York City to Theodore Roosevelt Sr. and Martha Bulloch. Theodore was also known as Teedie or Teddy. Due to his continuing battle with health issues, which started at birth, Roosevelt was homeschooled along with his siblings. The family house also had a gymnasium where he lifted weights and boxed to help him gain strength. Despite what appeared to be a sickly and weak child, RooseveltRead MoreThe Lion Of The White House : A Life Of Theodore Roosevelt1029 Words à |à 5 PagesHouse: A Life of Theodore Roosevelt. This book is a chronicle story and achievement of Theodore Roosevelt. Aida Donald has also written a biography of President Harry S. Truman. On one of her interview, she simply said she has had great fun writing about Theodore Roosevelt. Ms. Donald is former editor in chief of Harvard University Press. In this well-written book, she gives a brief history of life of one of the greatest president of United States of America, Th eodore Roosevelt. This is not in depth Annahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11620159154595507274noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-623973779150288793.post-75706038769361729892020-05-14T15:07:00.001-07:002020-05-14T15:07:03.053-07:00Donââ¬â¢t Ask, Donââ¬â¢t Tell Policy Essay - 1749 Words Todayââ¬â¢s military is a unique force in my opinion. What makes the US Military so unique is that we have an all volunteer force. With that volunteer force there are rules and regulations that need to be followed because serving our country is a privilege. The Dont Ask, Dont Tell policy is claiming that even though it may be considered an infringement on human rights and freedom of expression, it protects the rights of the rest of the military and opens a loophole for gay men and women to serve in the armed forces. Other countries have successfully integrated gay men and women into their militaries and compared the treatment of other minority groups in the military. Is the ââ¬Å"Donââ¬â¢t Ask, Donââ¬â¢t Tellâ⬠policy really effective or evenâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦There are claims that allowing gays and lesbians into the service openly about their sexual orientation is violation to all service membersââ¬â¢ privacy. Officially, military commanders and inve stigators are required to respect service membersââ¬â¢ privacy and are not allowed to investigate personnel for homosexuality. This action is described as a witch hunt. Witch hunts distract the service members from their work and the ââ¬Å"Donââ¬â¢t Ask, Donââ¬â¢t Tellâ⬠made this distraction easier. This causes interference with the ability for them to do their job performance effectively. The United States is not the only ones who use the DADT ban. There are several militaries all over the country that has experienced this ban at one point. For example, they are Australia, Britain; Canada, and Israel just to name a few. They have all changed or lifted their ban without any problems and most often maintained excellent careers and good morale. Belkin, McNichol reports, that ââ¬Å"In November 1992, the Australian Defense Forces lifted its ban on open gay and lesbian soldiers. Using all available data from military, academic, non-governmental, and other sources, t his report assesses the extent to which the lifting of the gay ban has affected the well-being and performance of the Australian military.â⬠(Belkin, McNichol) Before the Australian Defense Force lifted their policy there were several reports of sexual harassment. The number of sexualShow MoreRelatedThe Process of Adjustment in Communication and the Effect on the Donââ¬â¢t Ask, Donââ¬â¢t Tell Policy1690 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Process of Adjustment in Communication and the Effect on the Donââ¬â¢t Ask, Donââ¬â¢t Tell Policy Communication is regarded as a continuous process of adjustment. This process can be explained by looking at the recent repeal of the militaryââ¬â¢s Donââ¬â¢t Ask, Donââ¬â¢t Tell policy. This policy restricts the equal rights of homosexuals which has been a topic in heated debate for many years. Over the course of United States history, there have been numerous attempts at equalizing the rights among homosexualsRead MoreDont Ask, Dont Tell1239 Words à |à 5 PagesReagan, the gay ban was more stringently enforced. In the 1990s, amidst vicious opposition to repeal the ban, President Bill Clinton enacted the compromise ââ¬Å"Donââ¬â¢t Ask, Donââ¬â¢t Tell, Donââ¬â¢t Pursue, Donââ¬â¢t Harassâ⬠policy that provides for Sexual orientation [not to] be a bar to service unless manifested by homosexual conduct (qtd. in Don t Askâ⬠). While it is true that the institution of the military is largely based on fraternal bonding that should not be cleaved by social factionalism, the call ofRead More Repeal of Dont Ask Dont Tell Essay1076 Words à |à 5 Pages The ââ¬Ëdonââ¬â¢t ask, donââ¬â¢t tellââ¬â¢ policy is a major policy of the armed forces of the United States, and allows a number of people to serve their country. This policy restricts the United States armed forces from discovering gays, lesbians, and bisexuals. The ââ¬Ëdonââ¬â¢t ask, donââ¬â¢t tellââ¬â¢ policy has, in a way, limited homosexuals from completely fulfilling their military duties by forcing them to serve in the military silent about their personal lives. The policy is a violation of equal rights, forces homosexualsRead MoreEssay on Dont Ask, Dont Tell1447 Words à |à 6 PagesIt was this problem that the policy known as ââ¬Å"Donââ¬â¢t Ask, Donââ¬â¢t Tellâ⬠was designed to avoid, the tension caused between soldiers when homosexuals are serving openly. Without this policy, homosexuals serving openly could create tension that interferes with the militaryââ¬â¢s effectiveness. While it may not be obvious at first, the policy of ââ¬Å"Donââ¬â¢t Ask Donââ¬â¢t Tellâ⬠actually supports the both values of the military and the rights of homosexuals. As a result, ââ¬Å"Donââ¬â¢t Ask Donââ¬â¢t Tellâ⬠is needed to protect homosexualRead MoreResearch Paper on Dont Ask Dont Tell1683 Words à |à 7 PagesRepeal Donââ¬â¢t Ask Donââ¬â¢t Tell The Donââ¬â¢t Ask Donââ¬â¢t tell act which prevented openly gay and lesbians from serving in the United States Armed forces was placed into law on December 21st, 1993. It states that the military cannot discriminate against any gay, lesbian or bisexual person as long as they are discreet about their sexuality. They believed that any persons showing or acting in homosexual behavior would go against strict military moral codes and policy. However on September 20th, 2011 theRead MoreDont Ask Dont Tell Outline Essay842 Words à |à 4 PagesDonââ¬â¢t Ask Donââ¬â¢t Tell Policy Rachael Neff General purpose: To inform Specific purpose: To inform my audience of the Donââ¬â¢t Ask Donââ¬â¢t Tell policy and give a brief history of events. Central idea: According to my class survey the majority had little or no knowledge of the Donââ¬â¢t Ask Donââ¬â¢t Tell policy, so I am going to explain how it came to be. Introduction I.Fundamental beliefs A.Military Service Workers 1.Honorable 2.Courageous B. Service Members Turned Away 1.Openly gay 2.Ended careersRead MoreMilitary Discrimination against Homosexuals Essay1682 Words à |à 7 Pagesthe United States military service including the Navy forces. Service men and women in the military were judged not only with reference to their behavioral conduct but also from their sexual orientation results. The Department of Defense (DOD) would ask questions concerning sexual orientation of prospects willing to join the military service. A sexual orientation related to sexual attraction to people of a particular gender. Even members of the military service were not allowed to make any statementRead MoreDont Ask, Dont Tell Essay1130 Words à |à 5 PagesDonââ¬â¢t Ask, Donââ¬â¢t Tell The issue of gays in the military has been controversial in the United States for many decades. Over these decades there have been many different proposals as to what approach to take in order to handle the situation of homosexuals in the military. However, in 1992 when Bill Clinton was running for President of the United States, he made a promise to lift the ban on homosexuals in the military if he was elected (Washington Post). Bill Clinton followed through with his promiseRead MoreMovie Analysis : Soldier s Girl 947 Words à |à 4 Pagesresulting trial give rise to wide spread press and a formal review of the ââ¬Å"Donââ¬â¢t Ask, Donââ¬â¢t Tellâ⬠policy. This case, and several like it, became one of the many examples of just how ineffective the ââ¬Å"Donââ¬â¢t Ask, Donââ¬â¢t Tellâ⬠policy was when it came to the protection of LGBT service men and women. There has been generally accepted historical facts concerning the struggles of gay service men and women during the ââ¬Å"Donââ¬â¢t Ask, Donââ¬â¢t Tellâ⬠policy, and debates over its causes and what brought about its end. It wasRead MoreHomosexuals Should Be Allowed to Serve Openly in the Military1185 Words à |à 5 PagesArab linguists, and Congress members seek hearing, Par. 1). One might ask why, during this time of combating Islamic terrorist networks and insurgents in Iraq, would the military get rid of people with such valuable talents? The answer is simple: these men and women are homosexual. Gays and lesbians can serve in the U.S. military but only if they keep their sexuality a secret. This is known as the Dont Ask, Dont Tell policy and has been in effect since 1993. The United States is one of only a Annahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11620159154595507274noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-623973779150288793.post-86721740621204339822020-05-06T15:21:00.001-07:002020-05-06T15:21:18.655-07:00A Call to Action Regulate Use of Cell Phones on the Road David ******* English 101-B 14 March 2004 A Call to Action: Regulate Use of Cell Phones on the Road When a cell phone goes off in a classroom or at a concert, we are irritated, but at least our lives are not endangered. When we are on the road, however, irresponsible cell phone users are more than irritating: They are putting our lives at risk. Many of us have witnessed drivers so distracted by dialing and chatting that they resemble drunk drivers, weaving between lanes, for example, or nearly running down pedestrians in crosswalks. A number of bills to regulate use of cell phones on the road have been introduced in state legislatures, and the time has come to push for their passage. Regulation is needed because drivers using phones areâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Using police records, John M. Violanti of the Rochester Institute of Technology investigated the relation between traffic fatalities in Oklahoma and the use or presence of a cell phone. He found a ninefold in- crease in the risk of fatality if a phone was being used and a dou- bled risk simply when a phone was present in a vehicle (522-23). The latter statistic is interesting, for it suggests that those who Long quotation is set off from the text; quotation marks are omitted. Summary begins with a signal phrase naming the author and ends with page numbers in parentheses. Summary and long quotation are introduced with a signal phrase naming the authors. Page 4 Source: Diana Hacker (Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2004). Daly 4 carry phones in their cars may tend to be more negligent (or prone to distractions of all kinds) than those who do not. Some groups have argued that state traffic laws make legisla- tion regulating cell phone use unnecessary. Sadly, this is not true. Laws on traffic safety vary from state to state, and drivers dis- tracted by cell phones can get off with light punishment even when they cause fatal accidents. For example, although the mid- shipman mentioned earlier was charged with vehicular manslaugh- ter for the deaths of John and Carole Hall, the judge was unable to issue a verdict of guilty. Under Maryland law, he could only find the defendant guilty of negligent driving andShow MoreRelatedDistracted Driving and Cell Phones1678 Words à |à 7 PagesToday, one of the major sources of automobile accidents is distracted driving due to cell phone use. Driver distraction can be defined as ââ¬Å"the diversion of attention away from activities critical for the safe driving toward a competing activityâ⬠(Young 3). The dangers of driving while using a cell phone cannot be overstated, but drivers still use their cell phones even though they are illegal. According to a survey, ââ¬Å"About 2 out of 10 (18%) report that they have s ent text messages or emails whileRead MoreThe Problem Of Texting While Driving Essay2490 Words à |à 10 PagesCell phones have become the most used object in the world in peopleââ¬â¢s everyday lives. All around America, people are using these devices; from youth to senior citizens. Cell phones come with many benefits, one being applications that allow us to access the internet anytime, hold a great amount of storage and provide navigation across America without getting lost. However, applications are also a great distraction to the youth and adults who use them. 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It was primarily due to a rise in vehicular traffic by the tourists, she said. à | à à à Industrial pollution à à à | à | à à River water Pollution à Contaminated and polluted water now kills more people than all forms of violence including wars, according to a United Nations report released on March 22, 2010 on World Water Day that calls for turning unsanitary wastewater into an environmentally Annahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11620159154595507274noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-623973779150288793.post-66466256731202081272020-05-05T17:08:00.001-07:002020-05-05T17:08:14.428-07:00The problem of polysemy in the English language free essay sample Ministry OF EDUCATION, SCIENCE, YOUTH AND SPORT OF UKRAINE IVAN FRANCO NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LVIV COLLEGE OF EDUCATION THE PROBLEM OF POLYSEMY IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE Bachelor paper presented by a 4th # 8212 ; twelvemonth pupil Galyna Tsvyk Supervised by Drofyak N.I. Teacher of English Lviv 2011 Table of Contentss Introduction Chapter I. Wordss as Meaningful Unit of measurements 1.1 Polysemy as the Source of Ambiguities in a Language 1.2 Historical Development of the Polysemy 1.2.1 The Diachronic Approach to Studying Polysemy 1.2.2 The Synchronic Approach to Studying Polysemy 1.3 Polysemy and its Connection with the Context Chapter II. Practical Use of Polysemy in Teaching English 2.1 Polysemy in Teaching English on Intermediate Level 2.2 Polysemy in Teaching English on Advanced Level 2.3 Lesson Plan Decisions List of Mentions Introduction Language is defined as a human system of communicating that uses arbitrary signals, such as voice sounds, gestures, or written symbols. But frankly speech production, linguistic communication is far excessively complicated, fascinating, and cryptic to be adequately explained by a brief definition. The organic map of the linguistic communication is to transport intending. Most of the jobs in lingual scientific discipline are closely bound to inquiry of cognitive semantics and call for scientific analysis of communicating in words. The survey of words is non entirely a survey of roots and stems, of prefixes or postfixs. The cryptic universe of words is an object of scientific probe [ 13 ; 25 ] . Theoretical jobs of lingual signifier and significance as relevant to the progressive development of linguistic communication have attracted the attending of bookmans, philosophers and syntacticians since the times of Plato and Aristotle. From those times sameness of significance was non really easy to cover with but there seemed nil inherently hard about difference of significance. The state of affairs is the same presents. Not merely different words have different significances ; it # 8217 ; s besides the instance that the same word may hold a set of significances. This phenomenon is called lexical ambiguity. Polysemy is the coexistence of many possible significances for a word or phrase. Most words of the English linguistic communication are polysemous. Highly developed lexical ambiguity is one of the characteristic characteristics of the English linguistic communication. The system of significances of any polysemous word develops bit by bit, largely over the centuries, as more and more new significances are either added to old 1s, or out some of them. We say that the word is polysemous when it has many significances. In the word the chief and the secondary significances are distinguished. Therefore, the word is polysemous in the linguistic communication but in existent address it is ever monosemantic, that is, it has merely one significance. It is in the context that makes the polysemous word monosemantic. The researches of lexical ambiguity are besides important in grammar, as most grammatical signifiers are polysemous. Even a individual grammatical signifier can be made to show a whol e assortment of structural significances. The semantic construction of a polysemous word is treated as a system of significances. Some semantic constructions are arranged on a different rule. In the undermentioned list of significance of the adjectival dull one can barely trust to happen a generalised significance covering and keeping together the remainder of the semantic construction. The researches of the multiplicity of significances began in 18th century and were continued in the 19th century. The most of import investing in this century was made by Bre # 769 ; Als whose research into lexical ambiguity marked a new get downing point: he shifted the survey of lexical ambiguity off from lexicography and etymology and investigated lexical ambiguity as the ever synchronous form of intending environing a word is itself he of all time altering consequence of semantic alteration [ 6 ; 154 ] . The of import researches in the domain of lexical ambiguity were made by Lyon who considers lexical ambiguity and homonymy as two types of lexical ambiguity and present some standards for make up ones minding when it is polysemy and when it is homonymy. One standard is etymological information about the lexical point in inquiry. Lexical points with the same beginning are considered as polysemous, whereas if they have evolved from distinguishable lexemes in some earlier phase of the linguistic communication so they are regarded as homonymic [ 15 ; 123-124 ] . Lexical significance of every word depends upon the portion of address to which the word belongs. Every word may be used in a modification set of syntactical maps, and with the definite valency. It has a definite set of grammatical significances, and a definite set of signifiers. Every lexico-grammatical group of words or category is characterized by its ain lexico-grammatical significance, organizing, as it were, the common denominator of all the significances of the words which belongs to this group. The lexico-grammatical significance may be besides regarded as a characteristic harmonizing to which these words are grouped together. Many recent probes are devoted to set uping word categories on the footing of similarity of distribution. In the lexical significance of every separate word the lexico-grammatical significance common to all the words of the category to which this word belongs is enriched by extra characteristics and becomes particularized [ 6 ; 205-206 ] . In summing up this point, we note that the complexness of the impression is determined by the relationships of the extra-linguistic world reflected in human consciousness. The construction of every separate significance depends on the lingual syntagmatic and paradigmatic relationships because significance is an built-in constituent of linguistic communication. The complexness of every word significance is due to the fact that it combines lexical significance with lexico-grammatical significance and sometimes with emotional colouring, stylistic distinctive features and intensions born from old use. The importance of analyzing the phenomenon of lexical ambiguity is obvious because it is the object of confusion and in order to supply a quantitative and qualitative growing of the linguistic communication # 8217 ; s expressive resources it is highly of import to look into the semantic alterations in the system of significances in the English linguistic communication. To understand a text, scholars need to cognize words and cognizing a word involves cognizing: its spoken and written contexts of usage its forms with words of related significance. When learning vocabulary it is so necessary to see facets like indication, lexical ambiguity, intension and sociocultural facets when learning a 2nd or foreign linguistic communication so that scholars are able to acquire intending from texts. The purpose of research is to do an analysis of the chief rules of word significance and its jobs in learning English. The aim of this research is the probe of lexical ambiguity in historical and synchronous dimensions. Harmonizing to the aim there are following undertakings: 1 ) to demo historical background of the lexical ambiguity ; 2 ) to depict semantic construction of polysemous words ; 3 ) to detect the impact of the context on the significance of polysemous words ; 4 ) to depict the practical use of the lexical ambiguity. To work out all these undertakings my diploma paper was designed. Chapter I. Wordss as Meaningful Unit of measurements 1.1 Polysemy as the Source of Ambiguities in a Language Polysemy is a semantic inherent in the cardinal construction of the linguistic communication. All linguistic communications have polysemy on several degrees. A wide-spread lexical ambiguity in English is justly considered as one of its characteristic characteristics conditioned by the distinctive features of its construction. The chief beginning of the development of regular lexical ambiguity is the metaphoric and metonymic transference, which is platitude and appears to be cardinal in life linguistic communication. Polysemic words make up a considerable portion of the English vocabulary. Potential lexical ambiguity of words is the most fertile beginning of ambiguities in linguistic communication. In a limited figure of instances two significances of the same English words are differentiated by certain formal agencies, as, for case, by spelling: born # 8212 ; borne, bill of exchange # 8212 ; draught ; by word-order: embassador extraordinary # 8212 ; extraordinary embassador ; by inflection: hanged # 8212 ; bent. The differentiations between thing-words ( countables ) and mass-words ( uncountables ) is easy plenty if we look at the thought that is expressed in each individual case. But in practical linguistic communication the differentiation is non carried through in such a manner that one and the same word stands ever for one and the same thought [ 9 ; 112 ] . On the contrary, a great many words may in one connexion base for something denumerable and in the other for something uncountable. Comparison: 1 ) Have an ice. 2 ) There is no ice on the pool. In the first illustration ice # 8212 ; any frozen sweet, particularly one incorporating pick, as a H2O ice, sherbert or frappe # 769 ; . In the 2nd illustration ice # 8212 ; H2O frozen frosting icing, any substance looking like ice. In the huge bulk of instances the context, lingual or situational will contract down all irrelevant senses [ 11 ; 97-98 ] . Wordss frequently marks non of one but of several things. The lingual mechanism works of course in many waysto prevent ambiguity and supply the hint to separate the necessary significance. It # 8217 ; s besides of import to take into consideration the significance of the context, lingual or non-linguistic ; many ambiguities are neer noticed because the assorted possible significances are excluded by the state of affairs. Important observations in this country of the vocabulary have been made by contextual, distributional and transformational analysis [ 16 ; 185 ] . The job of lexical ambiguity, in other words, the usage of the same word in two or more distinguishable significances in relevant to a figure of other of import inquiries. These are: the development of different types of equivalent word, as a consequence of semantic heterotaxies of lexical units and homonymy. Specifying lexical ambiguity as a lingual development, Charles Bally made differentiation between its two facets: foremost, when one lingual mark has several significances, and so, when significance is expressed by several lingual marks. Wordss may turn in connotative power in conformity with the nature with the significances connected with them. In the power of intension lies the modesty force of linguistic communication. Without this linguistic communication would lose much of its expressivity and flexibleness. The frequence of lexical ambiguity in different linguistic communications is a variable depending on assorted factors. Languages where derivation and composing are meagerly used tend to make full the spreads in vocabulary by adding new significance to bing footings. Polysemy more frequently occurs in generic words than in specific footings whose significances are less capable to fluctuation [ 3 ; 214-215 ] . It is highly of import non to lose sights of the fact that few words have simple significances. Practically most words have, besides their direct significance, a periphery of associated significances. As a affair of fact, linguistic communication owes really much of its expressive power to the thoughts and emotions associated with words. There are normally a assortment of associated significances which appear in changing grades of prominence determined by the context. The class followed by words used in different context and the displacements of intending nowadayss a major involvement in incompatible lexicology and typological survey of linguistic communications. In analysing the semantic construction of words we have already seen that some significances constantly come to the bow when we hear the word in existent address or see in written. Other significances make themselves apparent merely when the word is used in certain contexts. The context makes the significance explicit, in other words, brings them out. This is non to state that polysemic words have significances merely in context. As has already been decidedly stressed the semantic construction of the word is a dialectic entity and involves dialectical permanence and evenness [ 14 ; 126-127 ] . Meaning should ever be understood as affecting the relation of linguistic communication to the remainder of the universe and such meaningfulness is an indispensable portion of the definition of linguistic communication. The distributional analysis of intending makes it possible to uncover a great trade about the entire operation and usage of words in a linguistic communication. It gives sufficient grounds to acknowledge that portion of the entire significance of many words in all linguistic communications is to be determined by their dealingss with other words in both the basic dimensions of lingual analysis, syntagmatic and paradigmatic. Wordss as single lexical points are structurally related to each other [ 14 ; 129 ] . A particular involvement is presented by the polysemic words whose significance is based on a broad fanciful footing. Such lexical units can be used as map words uncovering the tendence to partial or complete semantic depletion. The first to be mentioned here are the verbs to be, to make, to acquire, to hold, to do, to put, to take. The semantic value and functional usage of these polysemic verbs offers troubles in linguistic communication acquisition and lexicography. As it has been pointed out, componential analysis presupposes the disclosure of differential and built-in semantic characteristics of lexical units and their variant significances, in other words, semantic resistances on the lexico-grammatical degree. Compare, for illustration, the semantic group of verbs which, besides the verb to be in its locative significance # 8216 ; # 1073 ; # 1091 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; , # 1079 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1100 ; # 8217 ; , includes at least such verbs as: to populate, to remain, to brood, to shack. The typical characteristics of the members of the group observed in their significance reveal themselves in the information which they carry about the continuance of the action. The verbs to populate and to brood, for case, do non demo any particular contrast in this regard. In spoken English # 8216 ; dwell # 8217 ; is now normally replaced by # 8216 ; live # 8217 ; . But if we compare such verbs as to be, to remain and to populate, we shall see that they differ basically in showing the durative character of the action and are non ever interchangeable. For illustration, She is in the house. She stays in the house. She lives in the house. The verb to shack is stylistically pronounced member of the synonymic group characterized by its usage in formal English. It is of involvement to observe that transferred significances of words in different linguistic communications do non ever co-occur. By the manner of illustration: 1 ) back # 8212 ; # 1089 ; # 1087 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; ; 2 ) the dorsum of a chair # 8212 ; # 1089 ; # 1087 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1110 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1094 ; # 1103 ; ; 3 ) the dorsum of a manus # 8212 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1093 ; # 1085 ; # 1103 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; ; 4 ) the dorsum of a ship # 8212 ; # 1082 ; # 1110 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1089 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; . A assortment of associated significances which appear in changing grades of prominence determined by the context may be illustrated by the semantic value of the adjectival great which implies # 8216 ; being much above the norm in size # 8217 ; , magnitude or strength ; in certain contexts of its usage great comes to intend: eminent, of import: great authors, great bookmans, great instrumentalists. In conversational usage great frequently suggests differentiation of proficiency [ 11 ; 102-103 ] . The job of lexical ambiguity in grammar is one of the most of import, the one which is really complex and seems to be relevant to a figure of facets. Like words which is really complex and seems to be relevant to a figure of facets. Like words which are frequently marks non of one but of several things, a individual grammatical signifier can besides be made to show a whole assortment of structural significances. This appears to be natural and is a reasonably common development in the construction of any linguistic communication. This linguistics mechanism works of course in many ways to forestall ambiguity in forms of grammatical construction. Orientation towards the content will by and large demo which of the possible significances is to be attached to polysemous grammatical signifier [ 7 ; 236 ] . Most grammatical signifiers are polysemous. On this degree of lingual analysis differentiation should be made between synchronous and possible lexical ambiguity. Therefore, for case, the primary denotive significance of the Present Continuous is characterized by three semantic elements: 1 ) present clip ; 2 ) something progressive ; 3 ) contact with the minute of address. The three elements make up its synchronous lexical ambiguity. So therefore, we can clearly see importance of researches of lexical ambiguity in grammar. 1.2 Historical Development of the Polysemy The modern term lexical ambiguity was popularized by Bre # 769 ; Al in 1887. Most modern linguistics covering with the subject of lexical ambiguity refer to the important day of the month, but they seldom look farther back into the yesteryear. The # 8220 ; roots # 8221 ; of the construct of lexical ambiguity prevarication in the Grecian doctrine, that is, the argument environing the job of naturalness or flightiness of marks as debated in Plato # 8217 ; s ( 429-347B.C. ) Cratylus. In his history of Plato # 8217 ; s part to linguistics, Fred Householder points out that Democritus ( 460-mid-4th century B.C. ) offered four statements in favor of flightiness: 1 ) homonymy or lexical ambiguity # 8212 ; the same sequence of phonemes may be associated with two or more unrelated significances ; 2 ) polyonymy or isorrophy # 8212 ; the being of equivalent word ; 3 ) metonymy # 8212 ; the fact that words and intending alteration ; 4 ) nonymy # 8212 ; the non-existence of individual words for simple or familiar thoughts. Polysemy meant chiefly what was subsequently to be called # 8220 ; homonymy # 8221 ; , mentioning to the multiple, but unrelated significance of a word. Bre # 769 ; Als still subsumed homonymy under the header of lexical ambiguity [ 18 ; 25 ] . The term polyonymy was besides used by the Stoics analyzing how one and the same object may have many different names, how it can go # 8220 ; manynamed # 8221 ; or polyonomous. During the Middle Ages the reading by the Holy Scriptures came up against the job of lexical ambiguity that was acknowledged, but one that had been tampted ( by the theory of four senses ) . The first who used the tern polysemantic in a comparatively modern sense was Dante, who wrote approximately polysemantic character of a verse form: # 8220 ; Istius operis non est simplex sensus, immo dici potest polysemum, hoc est plurium sensum # 8221 ; ( # 8220 ; this work doesn # 8217 ; t have one simple significance, on the contrary, I say that it can be polysemantic, that is can hold many significances # 8221 ; ) [ 22 ; 176 ] . When showing his verse form to Cangrante della Scala, Dante makes instantly clear that it has to be read as a # 8220 ; polysemantic # 8221 ; ( # 8220 ; polysemous # 8221 ; ) message. One of the most famed illustrations of what Dante means of lexical ambiguity is given in his analyses of some poetries of Psalm, in # 8220 ; Exit Israel de Aegypto # 8221 ; . Following the mediaeval theory, Dante says refering the fierst poetry of the Psalm: # 8220 ; If we look at the missive it means the hegira of the boies of Israel from Egypt at the clip of Moses ; if we look at the fable, it means our salvation through Christ ; if we look at the moral sense it means the conversation of psyche from the wretchedness of wickedness to the province of grace ; if we look at the mystical sense it means the going of consecrated spirit from the servitude of his corruptness to the freedom of ageless glorification # 8221 ; [ 22 ; 192-193 ] . Thinking about significance, linguistic communication and it # 8217 ; s relation to the existent and nonliteral word advanced tremendously during the Renaissance, but existent research into the multiplicity of intending merely began in the eighteenth century, with the survey of neologies, equivalent word and the figures of address. Bre # 769 ; al observed modern significance of the word, yesterday # 8217 ; s and today # 8217 ; s significance, with which we foremost go familiar # 8212 ; something late rediscovered in England. In 1985, the section of English at the Birmingham ran of computing machine analysis of words as they are really used in English and came up with the surprising consequences. The primary dictionary significance of words are frequently far from the sense in which they were really used. Keep, for case, is normally defined as to retain, but in fact the word is much more frequently employed in the sense of go oning, as in # 8220 ; maintain cool # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; maintain smiling # 8221 ; . See is merely seldom required in the sense of using one # 8217 ; s eyes, but much more frequently used to show the thought of cognizing, as in # 8220 ; I see what you mean # 8221 ; [ 12 ; 83 ] . Language apprehension and linguistic communication acquisition follow the opposite path of linguistic communication alteration. I both instances, the last, non the first or crude significance of a word is a basic significance. In Anglo-American universe, lexical ambiguity was rediscovered with the coming of cognitive semantics in 1980s. Cognitive linguists began to reconnect synchronous and historical research into significance. Bre # 769 ; al knew that, diachronically, polysemy stems from the fact that the new significance or values that words get in usage do non automatically extinguish the old 1s # 8212 ; lexical ambiguity is hence the consequence of semantic invention. The new and the old significance exist in the analogue. And yet, synchronically, or in linguistic communication usage, lexical ambiguity doesn # 8217 ; t truly be # 8212 ; sense choice in the comprehension procedure is non a job at all. In the context of discourse a word has one significance # 8212 ; except, one should indicate out, in gags and wordplaies. The most of import factor that brings about the generation of intending diachronically and that helps to # 8220 ; cut down # 8221 ; the multiplicity of intending synchronically is the context of discourse. We understand polysemantic words because the words are ever used in the context of a discourse and a state of affairs, which eliminate all the bordering significance in favor of merely one in inquiry [ 12 ; 91 ] . However, in the changeless dialectical relation between synchronism and historical linguistics, and between intending and understanding incremental alterations in the significance of words occur holding understood a word in a certain context in a somewhat divergent manner, become themselves talkers and might utilize a word in the freshly understood manner in yet another context, which once more bring about different types of apprehension, and so on. In the long tally, these somewhat fluctuations in usage and consumption may take to major semantic alterations. Bre # 769 ; Al was fascinated by the fact that when speaking to each other we neither get confused by the multiplicity of intending that a word may hold, nor are we bothered with the etymological lineage of a word, traced by historical lexicons. The scientist was acutely cognizant of the fact that semantic, cognitive and developmental side of the linguistic communication was non yet on a par with the progresss made in the survey of phonetics, of the more physiological side of linguistic communication. With Bre # 769 ; al semantics as a lingual subject made a first measure into the hereafter, the hereafter in which we are still take parting and to which we are still lending beyond the terminal of the twentieth century [ 17 ; 63 ] . There followed a period of polysemantic latency, so to talk, after the coming of transformational productive grammar with its focal point on sentence structure and subsequently characteristic semantics. Polysemy was illustrated by the research undertaken by Hans Blumerberg, Uriel Weireich, Harald Weireich, James McCawley, Charles Fillmore. Modern linguists besides pay great attending to the probes in the semantic domain. The traditional differentiation between lexical ambiguity and homonymy is based on whether there is one or two lexical points involved. 1.2.1 The Diachronic Approach to Studying Polysemy Polysemy is built-in in the very nature of words and constructs as every object and every impression has many characteristics and a construct reflected in a word ever contains a generalization of several traits of the object. A word which has more than one significance is called polysemous. Different significances of a polysemous word may come together due to the propinquity of impressions which they express e.g. the word # 8220 ; cover # 8221 ; has the undermentioned significances: a woollen covering used on beds, a covering for maintaining a Equus caballus warm, a covering of any sort ( a cover of snow ) , covering all or most instances used attributively, e.g. we can state # 8220 ; a cover insurance policy # 8221 ; . There are some words in the linguistic communication which are monosemantic, such as most footings, equivalent word, some pronouns ( this, my, both ) , numbers. There are two procedures of the semantic development of a word: radiation and concatenation. In instances of radiation the primary significance bases in the Centre and the secondary significances proceed out of it like beams. Each secondary significance can be traced to the primary significance. E.g. in the word # 8220 ; face # 8221 ; the primary significance denotes # 8220 ; the front portion of the human caput # 8221 ; Connected with the front place the significances: the front portion of a ticker, the front portion of a edifice, the front portion of a playing card were formed. Connected with the word # 8220 ; face # 8221 ; itself the significances: look of the face, outward visual aspect are formed. In instances of concatenation secondary significances of a word develop like a concatenation. In such instances it is hard to follow some significances to the primary 1. E.g. in the word # 8220 ; crust # 8221 ; the primary significance # 8220 ; difficult outer portion of staff of life # 8221 ; developed a secondary significance # 8220 ; difficult portion of anything ( a pie, a bar ) # 8221 ; , so the significance # 8220 ; harder bed over soft snow # 8221 ; was developed, so # 8220 ; a dark glooming individual # 8221 ; , so # 8220 ; cheek # 8221 ; were developed. Here the last significances have nil to make with the primary 1s. In such instances homonyms appear in the linguistic communication. It is called the split of lexical ambiguity. In most instances in the semantic development of a word both ways of semantic development are combined [ 2 ; 19-21 ] . In polysemous words we are faced non with the job of analysis of single significances, but chiefly with the job of interrelatedness and mutuality of the assorted significances in the semantic construction of the same word. The job may be approached from two different angles. If lexical ambiguity is viewed diachronically, it is understood as the growing and development or, in general, a alteration in the semantic construction of the word. The term # 8220 ; historical # 8221 ; is composed of the Greek morphemes dia intending # 8220 ; through # 8221 ; chromos intending # 8220 ; clip # 8221 ; . Therefore, the historical attack in footings of particular lexicology trades with alterations and the development of vocabulary in the class of clip. The two attacks in lexicology ( synchronous and historical ) should non be contrasted or put one against the other ; in fact, they are interconnected and mutualist: every lingual construction and system exist in a province of a changeless development so that the synchronous province of a linguistic communication system is a consequence of a long procedure of lingual rating, the consequence of the historical development of the linguistic communication [ 16 ; 176-177 ] . The historical attack in footings of particular lexicology trades with the alterations and the development of vocabulary in the class of clip. The two attacks shouldn # 8217 ; t be set one against the other. In fact, they are interconnected and interrelated because every lingual construction and system exists in a province of changeless development so that the synchronous province of a linguistic communication system is a consequence of a long procedure of lingual rating, of its historical development. A historical attack is one that analyzes the development of something over clip, leting one to measure how that something alterations throughout history. You would utilize this attack to analyse the effects of variable alteration on something. Polysemy in a historical footings implies that a word may retain its old significance or significances and at the same clip get one or several new 1s. Then the job of interrelatedness and mutuality of single significances of a polysemous word may be approximately formulated as follows: did the word ever possess all its significances or did some of them appear earlier than the others? If so what is the nature of this dependance? Can we detect any alterations in the agreement of the significances? In the class of a historical semantic analysis of the polysemous word tabular array we find that of all the significances it has in Modern English, the primary significance is # 8220 ; a level slab of rock or wood # 8221 ; which was proper to the word in the Old English period ( OE. tabule from L. tabula ) ; all other significances are secondary as they are derived from the primary significance of the word and appeared subsequently than the primary significance. The footings # 8220 ; secondary # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; derived # 8221 ; intending are to a certain extent synonymous. When we describe the significance of the word as # 8220 ; secondary # 8221 ; we imply that it could non hold appeared before the primary significance was being. When we refer to the significance as # 8220 ; derived # 8221 ; we imply non merely that, but besides that it is dependent on the primary significance and somehow subsidiary to it. In the instance of the word tabular array, for example, we may state that the significance # 8220 ; the nutrient put on the tabular array # 8221 ; is derived through metonymic transportation we can besides depict it as secondary and metonymic [ 8 ; 203 ] . It follows that the chief beginning of lexical ambiguity is a alteration in the semantic construction of the word. As can be seen from the above, in historical analysis of lexical ambiguity we can utilize many constructs and footings discussed in the paragraphs devoted to the alteration of significance. We can talk, for illustration of metaphoric or metonymic significances if we imply the nature of dependance of the significances, of extended or restricted significances, if we are connected with the interrelatedness of significances as a consequence of semantic alteration. Polysemy may besides originate from homonymy. When two words become indistinguishable in sound-form, the significances of the two words are felt as doing up one semantic construction. Therefore, the human ear and the ear of maize are from the historical point of position two homonyms. One is etymologically related to Latin auris, the other to Latin acus, aceris. Synchronically, nevertheless, they are perceived as two significances of one and the same word. The ear of maize is felt to be a metaphor of the usual type ( californium. the oculus of the acerate leaf, the pes of the mountain ) and accordingly as one of the derived or, synchronically, minor significances of the polysemous word ear. Cases of this type are relatively rare and, as a regulation, illustrative of the vagueness of the boundary line line between lexical ambiguity and homonymy. Semantic alterations result as a regulation in a new significances being added to the 1s already bing in the semantic construction of the word. Some of the old significances may go disused or even disappear, but the majority of English words tend to increase in a figure of significances [ 18 ; 43 ] . To reason we may state that, lexical ambiguity viewed diachronically is a historical alteration in the semantic construction of the word ensuing in a new significances being added to the 1s already bing and in the rearrangement of these significances in its semantic construction. As the semantic construction is neer inactive the relationship between the diachronic and synchronous rating of single significances of the same word may be different in different periods of the historical developments of linguistic communication. 1.2.2 Synchronous Approach to Studying Polysemy The synchronous attack analyzes a peculiar something at a given, fixed point in clip. It does non try to do tax write-offs about the patterned advance of events that contributed to the current province, but merely analyzes the construction of that province, as it is. The synchronous attack surveies linguistic communication as a theoretical # 8220 ; point # 8221 ; in clip. It refers to descriptive lexicology as subdivision of linguistics trades with the vocabulary and vocabulary units of linguistic communication at a certain clip. Synchronically we understand polysemy as the coexistence of assorted significances of the same word at a certain historical period of the development of the linguistic communication. In that instance the job of interrelatedness and independency of single significances doing up the semantic construction of the word must be investigated along different lines. In connexion with the polysemous word tabular array discussed above we are chiefly concerned with the undermentioned jobs: are all the nine significances every bit representative of the semantic construction of this word? Does it reflect the comparative value of single significances, the topographic point they occupy in the semantic construction of the word tabular array? Intuitively we feel that the significance that is really representative of the word, the significance that first occurs to us whether we hear or see the word tabular array, is # 8220 ; an article of furniture # 8221 ; . This emerges as the basic or the cardinal significance of the word and other significances are minor in comparing. It should be noted that whereas the basic significance is representative of the word tabular array in isolation its minor significances are observed merely in certain contexts, e.g. # 8220 ; to maintain the tabular array amused # 8221 ; , # 8220 ; a piece of contents # 8221 ; etc. Thus we can presume that the significance # 8220 ; a piece of furniture # 8221 ; occupies the cardinal topographic point in the semantic construction of the word tabular array. As to other significances of this word it # 8217 ; s difficult to rate them in order of their comparative value. Some may, for illustration, see the second and the 3rd significances ( # 8220 ; the individuals seated at the tabular array # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; put nutrient on the tabular array # 8221 ; ) as every bit # 8220 ; of import # 8221 ; , some may reason that the significance # 8220 ; put nutrient on the tabular array # 8221 ; should be given precedence [ 21 ; 253-254 ] . As viewed synchronically there is no nons ubjective standard to travel by, it may be found hard in some instances to individual out even the basic significances as two or significance of the word may be felt as every bit # 8220 ; cardinal # 8221 ; in its semantic construction. If we analyse the verb to acquire, e.g. , which of the two significances # 8220 ; to obtain # 8221 ; ( acquire to London, to acquire into bed ) shall we see as the basic significance of this word? A more nonsubjective standard of the comparative value of single significances seems to be the frequence of their happening in the address. There is a inclination in a modern linguistics to construe the construct of the cardinal significance in footings of the frequence of happening of this significance. It a survey of five million words made by a group of lingual scientists it was found that the frequence value of single significances is different. Of great importance is the stylistic stratification of significances of a polysemous word as non merely words but single significances to may differ in their stylistic mention. Stylistic ( or regional ) # 8212 ; position of monosemantic words is easy perceived. For case, the word dada can be referred to the conversational stylistic bed, the word parent to bookish. The word film is recognizably American and barnie is Scotish. Polysemous words as a regulation can non be given any such restrictive labels. To make it we must province the significance in which they are used. There is nil conversational or slangy or American about the word yellow denoting coloring material, dork in the significance of # 8220 ; a sudden or halting motion # 8221 ; every bit far as these peculiar significances are concerned. But when yellow Is used in the significance of # 8220 ; sensational # 8221 ; or when dork is used in the significance of # 8220 ; an uneven individual # 8221 ; it # 8217 ; s both slang and American [ 10 ; 47-48 ] . Stylistically impersonal significances are of course more frequent. The polysemous words worker and manus, for illustration, may both denote # 8220 ; the adult male who does manual work # 8221 ; . But whereas this is the most frequent and stylistically impersonal significance of the word worker, it is observed merely in 2.8 % of all happenings of the word manus, in the semantic construction of which the significance # 8220 ; a adult male who does the manual work # 8221 ; ( to engage mill custodies ) is one of its fringy significances characterized by conversational stylistic mention. Broadly talking the mutuality of manner and frequence in significances is correspondent to that bing in words. It should be noted that the significance of the highest frequence value is the one representative of the whole semantic construction of the word. This can be illustrated by analysing the two words under treatment. The intending representative of the word worker is doubtless # 8220 ; a adult male who does manual work # 8221 ; [ 21 ; 258 ] . In decision, lexical ambiguity viewed synchronically is understood as co-existence of assorted significances of the same word at a certain historical period and the agreement of these significances in the semantic construction of the word. lexical ambiguity linguistic communication context 1.3 Polysemy and its Connection with the Context In modern linguistics context is defined as the minimum stretch of address necessary to signal significance for words. This is non to connote that polysemous words have significances merely in context. The semantic construction of the word has an nonsubjective being as a dialectical entity which embodies dialectical permanence and variableness. The context individualises the significances, brings them out. It is in this sense that we say that significance is determined by the context. The significances representative of the semantic construction of the word and least dependent on context are sometimes described as free or denominative significances. Against the background of lingual idea as it has developed in modern linguistics we define context as the minimum stretch of address necessary to signal single significance of words. There are several types of context: lingual and extra-linguistic ( non-verbal ) contexts. Linguistic context include lexical and grammatical context. These two types of contexts are differentiated depending on whether lexical or grammatical facet is prevailing in doing the significance of the word explicit. The interaction between lexical and grammatical facets in the semantic construction of the word is most complex and needs particular remarks. 1 ) Lexical context is best illustrated by the fact that there are groups of words in any linguistic communication that are semantically compatible merely with certain categories of agents. Lexical incongruousness of words frequently serves to do the necessary significance clear contracting down the assorted possible significances of the word, and no ambiguity arises. The verb to run, for case, has chiefly the significance # 8216 ; to travel fleetly or with speedy action # 8217 ; , as a watercourse, waggon, individual ; with words denoting something written, inscribed, worded, or the like the verb tally means to sound ( eg. This is how the poetry runs ) ; with agents denoting assorted workss the verb tally is synonymically correlated to turn # 8212 ; to go bigger ; with agents denoting engines or machines by which physical power is applied to bring forth a physical consequence, the verb to run agencies # 8212 ; to turn off the engine ( to go forth the engine running ) . In all the illustrations given above the significance of the verb to run is signaled by the lexical significances of the nouns in the place of the topic. The predomination of the lexical contexts in finding the significance of the verb in such utilizations is rather apparent. Examples of lexical contexts which operate to convey the necessary significance of a polysemic word may be given in Numberss. Resolution of structural ambiguity by lexical chance is a frequent happening. Compare besides the undermentioned variant significances of the adjective viridity which has chiefly the significance # 8216 ; of the coloring material green # 8217 ; : green walls, green lesion, green memories # 8212 ; fluctuation in significance in each instance is signaled by the lexical significance of the noun involved in a given syntagma. The adjectival heavy in its primary sense means # 8216 ; weighty, non easy to raise, of great weight # 8217 ; [ 4 ; 126-127 ] . In combination with words denoting natural phenomena heavy agencies violent: heavy storm, heavy rain, heavy snow. Not less characteristic are such utilizations of the adjectival as: heavy work, heavy manner, a heavy sky, with a heavy bosom # 8212 ; the significance of the adjectival in each instance is signaled by the lexical significance of the noun with which it occurs. Further typical illustrations of lexical context finding the word significance will be found in the distribution of assorted categories of adjectives. Observe, for case, the usage of the undermentioned phrases with the adjectival warm whose significance in each instance is signaled by the lexical significance of the noun involved: warm milk, warm clime, warm vesture, warm welcome, warm pique, warm support, warm imaginativeness, warm colors. As can be seen from above illustrations, the lexico-semantic fluctuation of the adjectival warm makes it synonymous with such words as mild, heated, affable, enthusiastic, eager, acute, antiphonal. 2 ) Grammatical context. Cases are non few when the single lexical significance of a polysemic word is determined by the grammatical construction in which it occurs, syntactic forms in the chief. Familiar illustrations of grammatical context will be found in instances like the followers: 1 ) The Equus caballus stopped imbibing. 2 ) The Equus caballus stopped to imbibe. In the first illustration stop+ing # 8212 ; complete making something, in the 2nd # 8212 ; stop+to+ infinitive # 8212 ; halt temporarily in order to. Highly declarative in this regard are verbs of generic force, such as do, do and the verbs of the # 8216 ; move and alteration # 8217 ; category: travel, come, turn, acquire, fall, run, take, bend. In grammatical contexts it is the grammatical construction of the context that serves to find assorted single significances of a polysemous word. One of the significances of the verb to do, eg. # 8220 ; to coerce, to enduce # 8221 ; , is found merely in the grammatical context possessing the construction to do person make something or in simpler footings this practical significance occurs merely if the verb brand is followed by a noun and the infinitive of some other verb ( to do person laugh, work, etc. ) [ 5 ; 182-183 ] . In a figure of contexts, nevertheless, we find both the lexical and grammatical facets should be taken into consideration. The grammatical construction of the context although declarative mood of the difference between the significance of the word in this construction and the significance of the same word in a different grammatical construction may be deficient to bespeak in which of its single significance the word in inquiry is used. Covering with lingual contexts we consider merely lingual factors: lexical groups of words, syntactic construction of context, etc. There are instances, nevertheless, when the significance of the word is finally determined non by this lingual factors, but by the existent address state of affairs. The noun ring may possess the significance # 8220 ; a circle of cherished metal # 8221 ; or # 8220 ; a call on the telephone # 8221 ; ; the significance of the verb to acquire in this lingual context may be interpreted as # 8220 ; possess # 8221 ; or # 8220 ; understand # 8221 ; depending on the existent state of affairs in which these words are used. It should be pointed out, that such instances, though possible, are non really really legion. The lingual context is by far a more powerful factor in finding the word-meaning. It is of involvement to observe that non merely the denotational but besides the connotative of constituent of significance may be affected by the context. Any word which as a linguistic communication unit is emotively impersonal may in certain context get affectional deductions. Compare, e.g. , fire in to guarantee one # 8217 ; s belongings against the fire and Fire! as a call for a aid. So the curious lexical context histories for the possibility of affectional overtones which are made expressed by the context of state of affairs [ 10 ; 16-17 ] . Cases are non few when the significance of a word is signaled by the context much larger than a given sentence or by a whole state of affairs of the vocalization, in other words, by the existent state of affairs in which this word occurs. Numerous illustrations of such vocalization will be found in syntactic constructions including parlances of different types. Another of import facet to see is sociocultural group which refers to the fact that the linguistic communication used by a sociocultural group is closely connected with its values, attitudes and beliefs. Consequently, larning a linguistic communication involves understanding and construing the civilization of which it is portion. It is of import, hence, for students to develop the ability to construe texts from perspectives other than their ain. Some of the activities to cover with sociocultural context are the undermentioned: inquiring students to compare words and looks used in assorted English-speaking contexts with those used in their ain linguistic communication context ; pupils remark on the sociocultural associations of lexis in a given text ; quizzes ; true or false inquiries ; explicating newspaper headlines, advertizements, graffito. The two or more less universally recognized chief types of lingual contexts service to find single significances of words are the lexical and grammatical contexts. These types are differentiated depending on whether the lexical or grammatical facet is prevailing in finding the significance. Meaning should ever be understood as affecting the relation of linguistic communication to the remainder of the universe and such meaningfulness is an indispensable portion of the definition of linguistic communication. Chapter II. Practical Use of Polysemy in Teaching English 2.1 Polysemy in Teaching English on Intermediate Level Practicing lexical ambiguity is separating between the assorted significance of a individual word signifier with several but closely related significances ( caput: of a individual, of a pin, of an organisation ) . In my sentiment the most of import facet of vocabulary instruction for intermediate scholars is to further learner independency so that scholars will be able to cover with new lexis and spread out their vocabulary beyond the terminal of the class. Therefore guided find, contextual guessing and utilizing lexicons should be the chief ways to cover with detecting significance. Teachers can assist pupils with specific techniques and pattern in contextual guessing, for illustration, the apprehension of discourse markers and placing the map of the word in the sentence. In my sentiment the most of import facet of learning lexical ambiguity for scholars is to further independency so that scholars will be able to cover with new lexis and spread out their vocabulary beyond the terminal of the class. Therefore guided find, contextual guessing should be the chief ways to cover with detecting significance. Intermediate degree includes the 5th # 8212 ; 9th signifier students. They already have some basic cognition in analyzing a foreign linguistic communication. If students have had good accomplishments in linguistic communication acquisition, they are normally interested in the topic and work volitionally both in category and at place. The desire to larn depends to the full on the instructor # 8217 ; s ability to affect each student in linguistic communication activities during the lesson. Pupils give penchants to those exercisings which require believing [ 1 ; 61 ] . Exercise 1 Give all the significances you know to the undermentioned verbs, exemplifying them with illustrations: to acquire ; to travel ; to convey ; to do ; to make ; to allow ; to purchase ; to get down ; to experience. Exercise 2 The noun leg has several significances: 1 ) one of the long parts of your organic structure that your pess are joined to ; 2 ) one of the series of games in a football competition played between two squads ; 3 ) one of the unsloped parts that support a piece of furniture ; 4 ) the portion of your pants that covers your leg ; 5 ) one portion of a long journey or race. Match the significances of the word face with the sentences given below: 1 ) One of the legs on the tabular array was a spot wobbly. 2 ) Here, draw up your pant legs and allow me see if your articulatio genuss are hurt. 3 ) The legs of my denims were covered in clay. 4 ) Leeds will hold to win the 2nd leg if they are to travel frontward to the finals. 5 ) The work forces looked brooding as the passenger car approached the concluding leg of the trip to the large house on the hill. 6 ) When this can spread out no farther, it splits and is rolled off, like a nylon carrying from a leg. 7 ) Raise the leg a fraction higher and reiterate this bantam motion 15 times, keeping each rise for 1 2nd. 8 ) Officers so hit Mao in the leg several times and he collapsed. 9 ) Breathing through his oral cavity, he manipulated his investigation between her legs. 10 ) Another shouting animal collapsed on broken hind legs. Exercise 3 Specify the significance of the noun caput as used in the sentences at a lower place. How many different significances did you happen? 1 ) Harmonizing to Rice, the caput of the planning commission, the undertaking is 25 % completed. 2 ) Collins suffered terrible caput hurts in the accident. 3 ) He turned his caput to snog her. 4 ) I picked up a cock and hit the caput of the nail every bit difficult as I could. 5 ) Hwang is caput of the local Communist Party, and is besides a husbandman. 6 ) People traveling out in conditions like this need their caputs examined. 7 ) She was outside cutting the dead caputs off the roses. 8 ) She saw her male parent, a caput above the remainder of the crowd. 9 ) Keep weaponries hanging, head down and cervix and shoulders relaxed. Exercise 4 How many significance of the undermentioned words do you cognize? Name them: caput, bench, to experience, to dress, manus, leg, power. Exercise 5 Match the idiomatic looks of the noun caput with their significance. 1 ) heads up! 2 ) caputs will turn over ; 3 ) to be/fall caput over heels in love ; 4 ) to be/stand caput and shoulders above person ; 5 ) to give person their caput ; 6 ) to keep up your caput ; 7 ) to travel over person s caput ; 8 ) to maintain your caput above H2O ; 9 ) to set your caputs together ; 10 ) to turn/stand something on its caput ; a ) to discourse a hard job together ; B ) to be excessively hard for person to understand ; degree Celsius ) to pull off to go on to populate on your income or maintain your concern working when this is hard because of fiscal jobs ; vitamin D ) to be much better than other people ; vitamin E ) to demo pride or assurance, particularly in a hard state of affairs ; degree Fahrenheit ) to do people think about something in the opposite manner to the manner it was originally intended ; g ) to give person the freedom to make what they want to make ; H ) to love or all of a sudden get down to love person really much ; I ) used to state that person will be punished badly for something that has happened ; J ) used to warn people that something is falling from above. 2.2 Polysemy in Teaching English on Advanced Level This phase includes 11th # 8212 ; 12th signifiers. Students can recognize the importance of analyzing linguistic communication more exhaustively. However, their attitude to foreign linguistic communication depends on the accomplishments they have attained during the old old ages of analyzing the topic. While explicating the stuff, instructor should take into history everything: pupils age, the stuff they deal with, their old cognition, etc. So, the exercising should be of assorted sorts, they have to be originative and develop students critical thought and memory. Teacher should promote his/her students, acquire them interested in larning the linguistic communication on deeper degree [ 1, 62 ] . Below, there are exercising, which are suited for this degree of linguistic communication larning. They will assist students to follow more material, to be able to distinguish polysemous significances of the words through the context of the sentences. Exercise 1 Remark on the significance of the following adjectives in the given phrases. Bad # 8212 ; behavior, male child, instance, twenty-four hours, debt, dream, experience, religion, cat, wont, thought, fortune, temper, name, intelligence, imperativeness, promotion, form, state of affairs, get down, gustatory sensation, pique, thing, things, clip, manner, conditions. Bitter # 8212 ; statement, onslaught, conflict, blow, cold, struggle, argument, letdown, difference, terminal, enemy, experience, battle, spirit, sarcasm, laugh, memory, opposition, pill, challenger, smiling, battle, gustatory sensation, tear, air current, winter. Fresh # 8212 ; air, attack, basil, blood, staff of life, zephyr, election, grounds, face, fish, flower, nutrient, fruit, herb, thought, expression, meat, Petroselinum crispum, produce, salmon, start, thyme, H2O, weight. Good # 8212 ; opportunity, status, twenty-four hours, trade, illustration, religion, luck, friend, wellness, thought, occupation, life, fortune, adult male, intelligence, dark, portion, public presentation, topographic point, place, pattern, quality, ground, sense, service, form, start, thing, clip, usage, value, manner, work. Green # 8212 ; bean, belt, bottle, card, field, signifier, grass, hill, leave, light, onion, paper, grazing land, Piper nigrum, revolution, room, salad, shoot, infinite, tea, H2O. New # 8212 ; epoch, coevals, authorities, place, thought, occupation, jurisprudence, statute law, life, member, proprietor, merchandise, school, system, engineering, town, version, universe, twelvemonth. Old # 8212 ; age, boy, brother, kid, girl, twenty-four hours, friend, coevals, twenty-four hours, lady, adult male, people, school, sister, boy, adult female. Round # 8212 ; face, figure, caput, cervix, redbreast, tabular array, trip. Thick # 8212 ; rug, cloud, fog, forest, glass, hair, tegument, skull, fume, soup, wall. Thin # 8212 ; air, cotton, face, finger, forest, ice, line, lip, mist, sheet, tegument, piece, paper, yarn, veneer, voice. Exercise 2 Paraphrase the italicized words and phrases by those given below the sentences: 1. From the tower, you can see for stat mis. 2. Having a kid makes you see things otherwise. 3. He could see a great hereafter for her in music. 4. I do nt cognize. We ll merely hold to see how it goes on Sunday. 5. I have to see my instructor about my classs. 6. I merely ca nt acquire her to see ground! 7. I ll be seeing her tomorrow dark. 8. I ll name him and see how the occupation interview went. 9. I saw Jane while I was out. 10. I see what you mean. 11. It will be interesting to see if he makes it into the squad. 12. Leave the documents with me and I ll see what I can make. 13. More money must be invested if we are to see an betterment in services. 14. Mr. Thomas is seeing a client at 2:30. 15. Please see that the visible radiations are switched off before you leave. 16. See imperativeness for inside informations. 17. See you Friday your topographic point at 8:30. 18. The minute we saw the house, we knew we wanted to purchase it. 19. The consequences are shown in Table 7a ( see below ) . 20. We re traveling to see Romeo and Juliet tonight. to detect or analyze person or something, utilizing your eyes ; to detect that something is go oning or that something is true ; to be able to see ; to happen out information or a fact ; to happen out about something in the hereafter ; to see how things go ; used to state you where you can happen information ; see above/below ; to understand something ; to see reason/sense ; to watch a telecasting programme, movie ; to see something ; used to state that you will seek to assist person ; used to state adieu ; to see or run into person ; to run into person by opportunity ; to hold an ordered meeting with person ; to see person to discourse something ; to conceive of that something may go on in the hereafter ; to do certain. Exercise 3 Supply the losing words by utilizing those given at the terminal: 1. She didn # 8217 ; t want to acquire # 8230 ; # 8230 ; . . 2. More and more people are acquiring # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; to e-banking. 3. I don # 8217 ; t want to acquire # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; in some drawn-out statement about who is to fault. 4. He was the last individual I would anticipate to acquire # 8230 ; # 8230 ; .. # 8230 ; .. in something like this. 5. Most adolescents would instead acquire # 8230 ; .. and # 8230 ; # 8230 ; . with their friends. 6. I hate summer holiday. The kids get # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; my pess all twenty-four hours long. 7. I do the dishes every twenty-four hours, so I # 8217 ; m # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; .. it. 8. The package must hold got # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; in the station. 9. Why doesn # 8217 ; t she # 8230 ; .. a # 8230 ; # 8230 ; . ? They even don # 8217 ; t speak. 10. He merely took the occupation to acquire # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; in the pension fund. 11. We got # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; .. to working together. 12. Don # 8217 ; t # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; .. # 8212 ; I like Jenny. 13. Paul ever # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; .. whenever he has to give a presentation. 14. We get in # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; . by electronic mail. 15. I was still in New York seeking to # 8230 ; # 8230 ; . a # 8230 ; # 8230 ; . to Paris. 16. Take an umbrella or you will # 8230 ; # 8230 ; . # 8230 ; # 8230 ; .. . 17. I # 8230 ; # 8230 ; . Because he hadn # 8217 ; t told me his programs. Fired ; hip ; involved ; lost ; mixed up ; out # 8230 ; about ; under ; used to ; contact ; vested ; accustomed ; acquire me incorrect ; gets nervous ; acquire moisture ; acquire a divorce ; acquire a visa ; got angry. Exercise 4 Match the undermentioned definitions of the word brand by the phrases given below: 1. to do encouraging noises ; 2. a lucifer made in Eden ; 3. to do a luck ; 4. to do a life ; 5. to do believe ; 6. to do or interrupt ; 7. to do a comparing ; 8. to be of your ain devising ; 9. to be made of rock ; 10. to do a engagement. a ) to gain a batch of money ; B ) to gain money one # 8217 ; s need to populate on ; degree Celsius ) to conceive of that something is true when it is non so ; vitamin D ) to be really successful or to neglect wholly ; vitamin E ) to state things which suggest what your attitude is ; degree Fahrenheit ) to demo similarities between two individuals or things ; g ) a matrimony between two pe Annahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11620159154595507274noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-623973779150288793.post-75680311911422896982020-04-09T07:02:00.001-07:002020-04-09T07:02:02.826-07:006 Best WordPress Theme Detectors Tested and Compared Have you ever found a WordPress site with a design that you love so much you want it for your own site? There are tons of great themes out there to use as inspiration. And, thankfully, if you ever find yourself wanting to know which theme a WordPress site is running, one of these WordPress theme detectors can help you out.Theyre great if you are a WordPress enthusiast and want to learn new things about your favorite CMS. Or you simply want to prove yourself or somebody else that youve guessed the theme right.No matter what your reasons are, the truth is that you can easily find out the secret behind a certain sites design through awesome WordPress theme detectors, even if you dont know any code.So, today, were presenting you five tools that allow you to look under the hood of a WordPress site and see the themes and plugins that sit underneath. Most of these theme detectors are online tools that you can use right from your browser of choice. Results of WordPress theme detectorsWhat Th emeWhat WordPress Theme Is ThatWPSnifferWordPress Theme DetectorScanWPThemeIsle BlogDetectedNoDetectedDetectedDetectedNIODetectedDetectedDetectedDetectedDetectedAlanis MorissetteDetectedDetectedNoDetectedDetectedBobWPDetectedNoDetectedDetectedDetectedMatt ReportDetectedNoDetectedDetectedDetectedThe Best 6 WordPress Theme Detectors in DetailNow, lets get to know the candidates from the table better. Well talk about each of them in detail and see what they come with. Whats cool is that a lot of these theme detectors go beyond just WordPress themes and provide some other neat information.What ThemeWhat Theme is a great online tool that not only detects a WordPress sites theme, but also shows nice details about the theme such as its main URL, the author, what version and license it has tags related to its purpose, and a description. Apart from WordPress, you can also use it for Joomla, Drupal, Blogger, Shopify, Ghost, Tumblr, Magento, and Big Cartel.Whats interesting about this tool is that it recognizes a custom theme immediately and delivers you the author or agency that built it. You can also use What Theme if you want to find out whether a site uses WordPress or not.What WordPress Theme Is ThatThis is a similar online tool made to detect what WordPress theme a certain site is using. Just go to the tools page and enter the URL of the site that you want to check in the search bar.What WordPress Theme Is That will not only detect the main theme, but also the parent (if any). It also goes beyond themes and presents you with a list of plugins that are being used by that given site. Unlike WhatTheme, this is just for WordPress, so it wont detect themes built for other platforms.WPSnifferWPSniffer is a Chrome extension that tells you what theme a WordPress site is using. It doesnt come with details about the theme or author, it just links to a Google results page where you can find all the pages that lead to the theme. The pages are generated by this exact keyword fo rmat x WordPress theme (where x is the themes name).The tool is easy to use, you just need to click the install button and a gray icon will appear in your browsers top bar. The icon turns orange automatically every time it detects a WordPress theme.WordPress Theme DetectorThis one is a very cool theme detector not only because it has a friendly interface but also because of the way it presents the detected theme. The tool is online, so you need to just enter the URL of the site youre interested in. To display the theme it found, WordPress Theme Detector provides nice slide-out sections that deliver helpful details about the author.What is this tool delivering exactly? The themes description, tag, license, a great box of statistics about the provider, additional information about the site you searched for, and a list of plugins that the tool was able to detect on the site. As an added bonus, the tool also detects child themes.ScanWPScanWP is another web-based tool built to detect the theme and plugins that a WordPress site is using. It doesnt provide additional information about the theme, it just tells you its name, URL, author, and sometimes the price.WP Theme Detector by SatoriThis one is probably the most minimalist of the tools discussed here. It provides only the essential results: a themeââ¬â¢s name, its author, description, version, as well as the direct link to the themeââ¬â¢s official page. It also tells whether a child theme is being used and returns specific error messages if the scanned website uses a completely custom theme or doesnââ¬â¢t use WordPress at all.The tool works even on websites which are using CSS minification plugins such as BWP Minify that distort the themeââ¬â¢s stylesheets.The Winner?Putting all the things together, the most effective tool that we found was WordPress Theme Detector. Apart from detecting all the themes, it offers a bunch of useful information about the searched item, including author details and a few p lugins that are active on the site. It can also tell the difference between a child theme and the parent.What Theme is a great alternative, returning correct answers for every website, but it cant figure out if a theme is a child theme or not.Last but not least, ScanWP knows its stuff very well and does offer you a nice list containing the theme and a limited number of plugins a website is using.Bonus methodsThe developer methodI called this one the developer method because this is how developers investigate websites. For them, doing this is like copy and paste. But its not too complicated, so you can probably figure it out even if youre not a developer.This time you wont need any tools, you just have to go to a website, right click on the page, and select View Page Source. Or you can simply press CTRL+U. The pages code will appear in a new tab and all you have to do is search for wp-content/themes using CTRL+F. You will find the name of the theme written in every single line that c ontains this exact phrase.Theme name in the footerThis option is the simplest but it doesnt work all the time. Every site usually comes with footer credits, mentioning the platform and (sometimes) the theme its using. So before you use the methods from above, you should first look at the sites footer because the answer you need might be there. Annahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11620159154595507274noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-623973779150288793.post-28943028227998547692020-03-09T13:05:00.001-07:002020-03-09T13:05:02.610-07:00Implementation Commentary Essay ExampleImplementation Commentary Essay Example Implementation Commentary Essay Implementation Commentary Essay I split the design problem into a number of different sections, which are explained:Analysis of ProblemThe Analysis of Problem is when the problem is recognised.Design of SolutionThe Design of Solution is when everything from the Analysis is taken into account, and an appropriate solution is drawn up.ImplementationThe Implementation is when the Design is transferred into a real thing e.g. the touch screen presentation.TestingThis is where the solution is examined to find any faults or spelling/grammar errors. At this stage, any changes are made to the system.EvaluationThis is where the final system is evaluated, and any things hat would be done differently next time are mentioned but not carried out.There are various different inputs, processes and outputs which I had to control to make my presentation. These are very important to be able to make the foundations to the main presentation:InputsAll the data that was input was:* The NHS logo which I copied from a website.* The map which I copied from MultiMap, which is on the final slide.* The names and positions of all the staff who work there* All the information about the health centre i.e. the policiesProcessing* I had to paste the NHS logo into PhotoFiltre and then crop it, and then re-paste it into the presentation.* Similar to the NHS logo, I had to paste the picture into PhotoFiltre, crop it and then re-paste it into the presentation.* I had to cut the table which I produced in Microsoft Excel, make it the correct size and then place that into the presentation, moving it to the correct position.* I had to change the font and size of the policies writing and then make the background white of the textbox, and move it into the correct position on the page.Accuracy and Spelling / TestingAccuracy and spelling/grammar is very important when doing a professional presentation like this. When data is inputted, its creditability needs to be monitored just to make sure that it is always telling the truth and the righ t thing. Also, if spelling is incorrect, it looks very unprofessional and irresponsible. When data such as Opening Times are inputted, it is essential that they are correct and always up-to-date as customers need to know the vital information. Errors could be made when the data is being typed into the system, or when the original data is being printed/produced. After data has been inputted and checks have been made to ensure it is correct, the presentation needs to be stored safely so that changes are not made accidentally. The system needs to be stored on a password-locked server which can only be accessed by the vital few people who run it. This means that someone inexperienced cannot have access to the system and change it. Proof-reading the document to see if there were any visible mistakes, and the Spelling and Grammar checker on Microsoft checked any spelling mistakes.Storage DevicesA storage device is used to save all work done by a user and to ensure that no information is l ost. There are two main types of storage devices:* Read Only (ROM) is not ever erased from the memory when the power supply is switched off i.e. turning the computer off will mean the document will still be there when it is turned back on again, all the information is permanent. This is sometimes called non-volatile memory.* Random Access Memory (RAM) this is erased when the power supply is switched off i.e. turning the computer off will mean the document will not be there when it is turned back on again. This is sometimes called volatile memory.The main storage devices I would use for my hard disk would be:* Hard Disk This is built into the computer, and things can be saved to it very easily. They are normally quite large in capacity, so many, many text documents can be stored at one time. This works by a magnetic head reading the information off the hard disk as it spins around very quickly* Floppy Disk Floppy Disks are portable storage devices that can hold around 300 pages o f text. But actually they only hold 1.44MB of stuff, so often pictures or word art will not fit onto the floppy.* USB Drive This is a reasonable new method of portable storage, and they normally have a much larger free space than a floppy disk.I created a presentation on Microsoft PowerPoint. I did this by adding a background picture into all the slides. Then I went on to put the rectangular buttons on the right hand side of the slide. The buttons on this list were then hyperlinked to the correct slides, so when that button was pressed, the computer would be directed to that wanted page. I then inserted a text box and wrote in the information; I decided to make the background of the text white to ensure it could be read easily. Headings were then inserted, as were the relevant pictures.My presentation went well, but some changes had to be made on the way. When I first produced it, there was barely any colour on it, and it was not very attractive to look at. Inserting a background p icture into the presentation, which made it look a lot better to look at, rectified this. There was various spelling and grammar mistakes on the presentation, and using the Spell Checker helped this. There was no colour on the heading of the Opening Times table, which meant that users might get confused. I changed this by making the heading of the table yellow. Sometimes incorrect words were used: I described the staff as okay but then changed that to good which improves the reputation of the Health Centre. Some of the important writing did not stand out enough, so I changed the text colour to purple to help this. Annahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11620159154595507274noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-623973779150288793.post-18714094703348712162020-02-22T03:31:00.001-08:002020-02-22T03:31:03.150-08:00Sales and Promotion in Sports Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsSales and Promotion in Sports - Assignment Example ompany might make use of television commercials, news paper, sports magazine, and face to face amongst other advertising modes to reach the full paying customers. Sporting events relies heavily on promotion activities offered to communicate to the target population. The use of web site that appears professionally designed educates the prospects of the services offered by the sporting company. Professionally designed web pages depict a capable and credible image of the sporting organization to the clients. The site requires to, provide information concerning the target population and how the sporting event undertakes its operations to ensure customer satisfaction (Kaser & Oelkers, 2008). Providing members with a free trial membership helps the sporting company attract a significant number of members. The members recruited via the trial membership method receive the same membership benefits enjoyed by full paying members. The benefits includes but not limited to tournament invitations, newsletters, and discounts. While implementing the discountââ¬âadmission promotion, the sporting company requires contacting the successful candidates of the trial membership via phone. Contacting the clients enable the sporting organization to, realize whether the candidates can be converted into members (Irwin et al, 2008). Trial membership requires the sporting company to have a lead. Leads remain leads till proven otherwise; where the individuals convert into a paying customer. In cases where the clients travel to attend to the sporting event; the sporting company should see this opportunity to provide accommodation. The company needs to enhance its promotional strategy by providing clients with a feasible and affordable accommodation. The client can come and benefit the organization in watching sports and still relax. This enables the client to enjoy the organizationââ¬â¢s value (Kaser & Oelkers, 2008). Return trips organized by the sporting organization enables the customers save Annahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11620159154595507274noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-623973779150288793.post-31296920434820107932020-02-05T20:16:00.001-08:002020-02-05T20:16:02.785-08:00Sincerity and Professional Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 wordsSincerity and Professional Ethics - Essay Example From early childhood, ethics are being taught and understood so that one makes them a part of his/her personality and do not get diverted from them at later stages. Moral values like speaking of truth always, obeying of elders and sincerity for others are some basic ethics which are expected from every individual in his/her personal and professional life. The difference line between ethics and immorality is as simple as what to do and what not to do to become a good human being and a beneficial part of the society. Ethics are needed to be followed in every mode of life, from homes to workplace, from high business dealings to small private jobs; personal and professional ethics are of extreme consideration and importance and people who follow these are highly acknowledged. These are not meant to be known only rather these are meant for understanding and correctly implementing at proper occasions. A good life is based upon a correct set of norms and values which define its code of ethics. These norms and values are not individual sets of political, religious or social basis rather they reflect logical point of views which must be adapted in order to have a better life for self and for others. These ethics are universally accepted as these are independent of culture, society or religion. Philosophically, ethics are termed as determination of right and wrong and involve such decisions which identify the borders and limits of doââ¬â¢s donââ¬â¢ts. These demand reason and logics to be followed in real life so that one can live an easy and contended life (Fletcher 1966). Simple moral ethics include taking care of sick, obeying of elders, avoiding lies, fair dealings etc. All these are common in every society and every religion of the world. Professional Ethics No doubt that ethics are given privilege at any place and at any level of like, but professional ethics are of partic ular importance in this regard. Professionalism is a very main aspect of life in which more than half of the population of the world is involved. A person who goes to a work place to earn for life is termed as a professional, particularly who have some skills and expertise by which he/she can serve the organizations with what he/she is affiliated. Since professionals are specialists of their corresponding fields, they can perform such activities and functions which an ordinary person and general public cannot, since they have the knowledge and expertise. The way in which a professional use his/her knowledge and conduct his/her self at his/her workplace is known as professional ethics and morals. These ethics are a predefined set of rules which every professional should adapt so as to become a nice colleague, a good subordinate, a better manager and a beneficial part of the organization for what he/she works. For different professionals, there are different codes of ethics which they have to follow in order to serve the society well. For examples, doctors have to take an oath by which they are bound to serve the humanity at all costs and by the best of their knowledge and expertise. They must prefer patients upon self and make their best efforts to cure them. Other professionals like engineers, IT professionals, teachers, scientists etc have different professional ethics which are sometimes defined by the corresponding work organizations. Social organizations like Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE define a code of ethics for all professionals. According to that, all IEEE members are bound to show responsibility in enhancing such technologies which are beneficial to the general Annahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11620159154595507274noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-623973779150288793.post-15201355233334987532020-01-28T12:28:00.001-08:002020-01-28T12:28:06.402-08:00Effect of Climate Change on Agricultural ActivitiesEffect of Climate Change on Agricultural Activities Chapter 1: Introduction Global Climate Change Climate is changing with the slow and steady pattern. The term Global Warming is referred to the annual average temperature increment of the earth. The average annual temperature of the earth has increased to 0.8 à °C since the early 20th century and more than 66 percent of this increment happened after 1980. In this sense, especially in the context of environmental policy, the term climate change has become synonymous with the anthropogenic global warming. In many scientific journals, the term global warming refers to surface temperature increase while climate change includes global warming and everything else that increasing greenhouse gas levels will affect. Americas Climate Choices. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. 2011. p.15.à ISBN978-0-309-14585-5. The average temperature of the Earths surface increased by about1.4à °F(0.8à °C) over the past 100 years, with about1.0à °F(0.6à °C) of this warming occurring over just the past three decades. Climate Change is a natural phenomenon may change the average weather conditions of any area because of some reasons. These reasons are biotic processes, variations in solar radiation received by Earth, plate tectonics, and volcanic eruptions. It is also observed that humans are also contributing to the climate change by their activities and these activities can cause significant change to the Climate, this phenomenon is called Global Warming. Change in the annual temperature, rainfall, and wind patterns of an area can cause significant impacts to the plant productivity of any area positively or negatively. Global warming can be a problem for coastal areas where it can cause rise in the sea level and thus may destroy the coastal areas and land. Rise of sea level may also pollute the underground fresh water and people may face water related problems. Climate Change may be beneficial for the lands covered in the ice like Polar Regions through which a large area can be vacated but it may invites some new disasters which would affect the life of humans in other parts of the world. Environment is a very sensitive system, when something new enters in the environment doesnââ¬â¢t accept it easily because it is holding the whole food chain with it and we humans are also very much linked with this food chain and when one link of this chain is disturbed it would directly or indirectly affect the whole chain. Thus it is very important to keep the chain intact and proper protection to this chain should be provided. Rise is temperature changes the whole habitat of an area because when temperature of an area rises the wind patterns of that area change because high temperature would make the air hot in the area and the air would move up and a low pressure area would be formed. To fill this low pressure area the airs from surrounding areas will come which will be cold and sometimes full of moisture and it would result in cloud formation and as a result rainfall would occur. But if this process gains more temperature then it would trigger the whole process and thus the climate of the area would be changing. This research addresses the climate changing in the district Gujrat which is affecting the agricultural activities of the area and vegetation cover is also being affected by the climate change. As we know that our food necessities are directly associated with vegetation cover and if the vegetation is disturbed by the climate change then it is going to affect all the people associated with it. So this research is important in the context that the vegetation is important for us and if there should be proper measures taken to control the impacts of climate change on vegetation. Agriculture Agriculture is the most renowned activity in the under-developing countries, because of unlimited availability of fertile land and less trend towards industrialization and other secondary and tertiary activities. Primary activities are those activities which are related to agriculture (both subsistence and commercial), mining, forestry, farming, grazing, hunting and gathering, fishing, and quarrying. The primary sector of the economy extracts or harvests products from the earth. The primary sector includes the production of raw material and basic foods. The major reason for primary activities in under-developed countries are the less education, less urbanization, less demand for development, and bad economic conditions. Primary activities also prevails in the developed countries but these activities are very less as compared to the secondary and tertiary activities. About 3% of America is engaged in primary activities as compared to under-developed countries where the percentage of p rimary activities is more than 50-60%. (http://geography.about.com/od/urbaneconomicgeography/a/sectorseconomy.htm) In developed countries, the primary activities are very less in ratio as compared to other activities plus these countries have proper techniques for saving their agriculture from being destroyed due to change of climate or any other disaster. On the other hand the underdeveloped countries are having very large ratio of agriculture in there economy and other primary activities nor do they have the techniques to save their economic source. This research is mainly concerned with one type of these countries which are underdeveloped and totally relying on the agricultural activities or other primary activities to fulfill their economic needs. That country is Pakistan, Pakistan is one of these countries which is relying on the agricultural activities. Agriculture in Punjab Agricultural of Pakistan is depending upon two kind of water resources; riverine water and rain water. Rivers are providing water through different canals. Rain is not the efficient source of providing water to the agriculture because it is very scarce in Pakistan and only the northern and western regions receive the amount of rainfall necessary for agriculture. The southern regions such as Sindh, South Punjab and Baluchistan donââ¬â¢t receive the rainfall required for agriculture Agriculture through Irrigation There are seven link canals in Pakistan which are substantially important for agriculture in Pakistan these canals are as follow; Chashma Jhelum Link Taunsa Panjnad Link Rasul Qadirabad Link Qadirabad Balloki Link Balloki Sulemanki Link II Trimmu Sidhnai Link Sidhnai ââ¬â Milsi ââ¬â Bahawal Link These are the canals which being utilized for irrigation purposes and dependency on rain water does not exist. Agriculture through Rains The second source of agriculture is rain water, playing a substantial role in those areas where there is no river or canal. Rain recharges the ground water in those areas and that water is utilized in the dry season for the agriculture and other uses. In Punjab the high quantity of rainfall is towards the northern areas which are close to the Jammu Kashmir and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The average annual rainfall of Northern Punjab is almost 700mm which is because the North Punjab receives two types of rainfall one is through Monsoons coming from the east from Bay of Bengal and the other is through Western winds coming from the Caspian Sea and Mediterranean Ocean Area of Interest (Gujrat) District Gujrat is the North Eastern District in Punjab where it is bounded with the Azad Kashmir from North East, Mandi Bahauddin from the South western side which was once part of this district but after 1996 it was separated from this district, Jhelum from the North Western side separated by the river Jhelum and Gujranwala and Sialkot from the Southern side separated by the river Chenab. It is between two important rivers of Pakistan Jhelum and Chenab which makes it the most fertile land of Pakistan. According to the Indus pact of 1960 both of these rivers were given to Pakistan thatââ¬â¢s why the flow of these rivers remains constant throughout the year unlike other rivers of Pakistan which donââ¬â¢t flow during the winter season. The language Punjabi is being spoken in this part of Pakistan according to the Census of 1998 and 95% of people speak it with following dialects; Majhi or Standard (Majority) Potohari (Few people near jehlum district) Shah puri dialect (Few people speak this dialect) Other than Punjabi there are two more languages being spoken in this area which are Urdu and English. According to the 1998 census of Pakistan the total population of Gujrat district was 2,048,008 of which 1,026,000 are males and 1,022,000 are females, with a population density of 642 persons per square kilometer. Over 25.62% of the population was recorded as being urban. 1998 Census of Pakistan figures Urban Resource Centre The city of Gujrat is divided into two circles, City Circle (Head office Gujrat City) and Sadar Circle (Head office Jalalpur Jattan. The major source of income among the people of the city are agriculture and small industries. As agriculture is the major source of income among the people of city Gujrat then it is very important to stay safe from any kind of disaster which can damage agricultural prospect of the city suburbs. Chenab is a major river flowing between India and Pakistan, originates from the upper Himalaya where Indian state of Himachal Pradesh exists, reaches Punjab flowing through Jammu and Kashmir. It has many tributaries which are in Pakistan and also In India. According the Indus water treaty the water of river Chenab is allocated to Pakistan. It enters Pakistan forming a boundary between two districts of Punjab which are Sialkot and Gujrat. It provides water to the Pakistan throughout the year, in winter season the water quantity is decreased while in summer season the water coming as a result of monsoon rains causes floods in the southern Punjab. The flood of 2010 in Pakistan had a lot of contribution from this river. Chenab being a large river body is surrounding the city of Gujrat and fulfilling the water needs of the city. As we know that water is an essential element for the agriculture, the agriculture of the city Gujrat is also relying on the water of this river. As river recharges the ground water of this city which is utilized in the season of winter when the crops need more water and rainfall canââ¬â¢t fulfill the needs of the cityââ¬â¢s agricultural land. Climate The city of Gujrat is located in temperate zone where the temperature shoots up to 45à ° Centigrade during the summer season while hot spells are short because of proximity of the Azad Kashmir Mountains with the city of Gujrat. In the season of winter the temperature may fall to 2à ° Centigrade. The average rainfall on the Kashmir border is over 1000 mm, at Kharian it is 750 mm, at Gujrat 670 mm, and at Dinga 500 mm. Gujrat city receives the average annual rainfall of 67cm (670mm) according to the data received from Meteorological department. Summer receives the heavy monsoons which are almost 80 percent of the annual rainfall and winter receives the rest of 20 percent rainfall which is as a result of western winds coming from Mediterranean and Caspian seas bringing moisture with them and release while passing through different regions, when western winds reaches Gujrat they turn almost dry thatââ¬â¢s why the contribution of western winds to the annual rainfall is small. The monsoon winds are originated from the east near the Bay of Bengal in the summer season when the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) pushes to the North after the 21st March of every year. This change of ITCZ create a lot of low pressures in the regions and it also helps evaporate enough water from the ocean. Forming of different low pressures attract winds from the surrounding areas so these monsoon winds starts moving towards these low pressure areas and this is how they reach Gujrat at the end of month of June and start the rains which are sometimes disastrous for crops because of excessive rainfall or lateness of rainfall commonly known as failing of the monsoon rains. Wavelengths Sun emit radiations which are composed of different wavelengths, some of these wavelengths are very harmful and some of these wavelengths are helpful for us. Harmful wavelengths are having high frequency such as Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Ultra Violet rays are blocked by our atmosphere and they donââ¬â¢t reach us because of the thick wall of ozone layer. Helpful rays are those which have frequencies and high wavelengths they are not blocked by the atmosphere and they are beneficial for the human because visible portion is also included in this part. Visible Spectrum Visible portion is composed of three important rays having wavelengths from 0.4 to 0.7à ¼m and are termed as Blue, Green and Red. These rays are the only wavelengths which a human eye can see while all the other wavelengths canââ¬â¢t be seen by the human eye and the spectrum of wavelength is very large. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (Ndvi) Normalized difference Vegetation Index is often called NDVI, a technique used to determine vegetation cover of any area through satellite data. Sunlight reaches the earth surface and hit different targets, those targets may include all objects placed on the earth surface. These objects have specific reflectance curve (reflectance values as a result of interaction with the sunlight). Vegetation also have a reflectance curve according to which the pigment in plant leaves, chlorophyll, strongly absorbs visible light (from 0.4 to 0.7 à ¼m) for use in photosynthesis. The cell structure of the leaves, on the other hand, strongly reflects near infrared light (from 0.7 to 1.1 à ¼m). The more leaves a plant has, the more these wavelengths of light are affected, respectively. Vegetation appears very different at visible and near infrared wavelengths. In visible light (top), vegetated areas are very dark, almost black, while desert regions (like the Sahara) are light. At near-infrared wavelengths, the vegetation is brighter and deserts are about the same. By comparing visible and infrared light, scientists measure the relative amount of vegetation. NDVI is calculated from the visible and near-infrared light reflected by vegetation. Healthy vegetation (left) absorbs most of the visible light that hits it, and reflects a large portion of the near-infrared light. Unhealthy or sparse vegetation (right) reflects more visible light and less near infrared light. The numbers on the figure above are representative of actual values, but real vegetation is much more varied. (Illustration by Robert Simmon). Nearly all satellite Vegetation Indices employ this difference formula to quantify the density of plant growth on the Earth ââ¬â near-infrared radiation minus visible radiation divided by near-infrared radiation plus visible radiation. The result of this formula is called the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Written mathematically, the formula is: NDVI = (NIR ââ¬â VIS)/ (NIR + VIS) Calculations of NDVI for a given pixel always result in a number that ranges from minus one (-1) to plus one (+1); however, no green leaves gives a value close to zero. A zero means no vegetation and close to +1 (0.8 0.9) indicates the highest possible density of green leaves. Annahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11620159154595507274noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-623973779150288793.post-25731072781008333502020-01-20T08:52:00.001-08:002020-01-20T08:52:03.062-08:00Macbeth - The Importance Of Night :: essays research papers When I thought about the role that the word "night" would play in the tragic play "Macbeth," I found that there were a variety of possibilities. Immediately, I thought of the nighttime as a period of rest and revitalization. I expected that this would allow characters to recover from the day's many demands. Secondly, I connected the night to the unknown. In the night's cloak of darkness, many more things could go undiscovered than in the revealing light of day. Next, I thought that the night would mean vulnerability. As the evening closes in, everyone begins to wind down, not expecting any real action until the breaking of the dawn. In addition, while one is sleeping, they are susceptible to almost anything. The most logical time to make an attack would definitely be after nightfall. Lastly and perhaps most importantly, is night's correlation with evilness. As children, we were all afraid of nasty monsters that lurked in the darkness of night. The night has long b een believed to host supernatural beings and occurrences. As I read the play and came upon the word "night," I was surprised to discover that all four aspects of my hypothesis were correct. First, in act I, we see the first usage, night as a period for rest and revitalization. In scene iii, lines 19-23, the First Witch says, Sleep shall neither night nor day / Hang upon his penthouse lid; / He shall live a man forbid: / Weary sev'nights nine times nine / Shall he dwindle, peak, and pine: / Though his bark cannot be lost, / Yet it shall be tempest-tossed. Here, she is punishing the sailor by depriving him of his sleep, which she realizes is important for anyone to function normally. Without the ability to recuperate after each hard day's work, one would grow very weak and eventually start to lose one's mind. Next, we can observe night's connection to the unknown. As seen in my word journal, Lady Macbeth beckons, Come, thick night, / And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell, / That my keen knife see not the wound it makes, / Nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark, / To cry "Hold, hold!" Without the obscurity of night, she would not have urged Macbeth to kill the king as she did. The night, however, gives her the impression that Macbeth can indeed kill King Duncan with no one uncovering his contemptible crime, the same idea that Macbeth had when he said, "Stars, hide your fires; / Let not light see my black and deep desires. Annahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11620159154595507274noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-623973779150288793.post-88672795542936378282020-01-12T05:16:00.001-08:002020-01-12T05:16:02.205-08:00Example Exam Paper EssayIn Malaysia, however, the practice has never left the school grounds. Caning has always been legal in Malaysian schools. The Education Ordinance 1957 (Amended 1959) allows corporal punishments, such as caning, to be meted out by school authorities, but only to schoolboys. An Education Ministry directive issued in 1994 listed eight offences that could warrant caning: truancy, involvement in criminal activities, obscene and impolite behaviour, loitering, dishonesty, dirty appearance and vandalism. 5 II A probe on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers, students and administrators conducted by researchers from local universities engaged by the Human Rights Commission of Malaysia revealed the regular use of the cane in schools. What the inquiry found was a gross breach of a childââ¬â¢s rights committed by teachers and administrators alike. In their findings, out of the 5,754 students who participated in the survey, about 52 per cent of the students surveyed agreed that caning commonly happened in their schools. It took place more often in rural schools than urban ones and almost 80 per cent of the cases occurred at technical schools. 10 15 III Understandably, à is disheartened by the findings of its study. Commissioner and education working group chairman, Professor Chiam Heng Keng said that while SUHAKAM understands the need to discipline and punish wrongdoers, it maintains that caning is not the best corrective measure. She further added that caning only tells the child to stop whatever he has done. In other words, it does not address the underlying problem. She stressed that teachers must work with parents to get to the root of the problem. In addition, they also revealed that girls were not spared the rod. Almost seven per cent of female respondents from girl schools had reported this. Under the present Child Act 2001, only boys between the ages of 10 and 18 may be subjected to corporal punishment. 30 35 V Last October, the Ministry of Education allowed teachers other than 40 headmasters, principals and those involved in disciplining students to use the cane. The decision followed the rise in cases of assault on teachers and gangsterism in schools. It was recommended that only certain teachers be empowered to cane students. Ideally, they should have at least 10 years of teaching experience and be married with children. 45 VI The secretary-general of the National Union of the Teaching Profession, Lok Yim Pheng, admitted that there are other ways of disciplining a student. These include imposing fines, sending students to detention class and making parents sign a pledge to ensure that their children do not misbehave. Annahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11620159154595507274noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-623973779150288793.post-12353942867779124652020-01-04T01:39:00.001-08:002020-01-04T01:39:03.618-08:00Negative Effects Of Same Sex Marriage - 875 Words Negative Effects of Same-Sex Marriage Introduction In the past 50 years, the American family has undergone immense changes. In the past, families remained extremely conservative and traditional families, upholding the ideal of marriage, which remained between a man and a woman. Recently, with the passing of Obergefell v. Hodges, same-sex marriage is now legal in the United States. Consequently, the idea of marriage has been redefined, and, as a result, the new legislature will now have significant effects on the future of marriage and family. Some of these effects will occur immediately and, on the other hand, some of the effects will not take place for several years. The immediate effects include, schools will now advocate same-sex marriage and religious liberty will be threatened. Long-term effects include less faithful monogamous marriages, fewer children raised by a mother and father, lower birth rates, and the possibility of polygamy. Short-Term Effects After the legalization of same-sex marriage, schools throughout the United States will now teach and advocate for same-sex marriage. After same-sex marriage passed in Massachusetts in 2004, schools began promoting a homosexual-friendly classroom. For instance, in Brookline, Mass. Debra Allen, a teacher, used graphs and charts to show how to perform homosexual acts. When student disagreed, the following discourse occurred, ââ¬Å"Can a woman and a woman have vaginal intercourse, and they will all say no. And Iââ¬â¢ll say, ââ¬ËHoldShow MoreRelatedGay Marriage Essay1744 Words à |à 7 Pages 02/02/2012 Legalizing same-sex marriage has been a debate going on for quite some time. The recognition of such marriages is a civil rights, political, social, moral, and religious issue in many nations. Since 2001, ten countries have begun allowing same-sex couples to marry nationwide. In the United States the federal government does not recognize same-sex marriage, but such marriages are recognized by some individual states. Proposition 8 in NovemberRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Illegal1135 Words à |à 5 Pagesare as equivalent as heterosexual couples, so they should be recognized and granted marriage licenses. I see gay marriage as a plague that only brings unpleasant consequences to society. Same sex marriage should be illegal because it alters the definition and the purpose of marriage, has negative effects on children, and is incompatible with sacred texts. According to Genesis chapter 1, the definition of marriage is the intimate union and equal partnership of a man and a woman. ââ¬Å"God created manRead MoreThe Rights Of Same Sex Couples1514 Words à |à 7 PagesThe rights of same-sex couples is a big controversy currently, and although there are still many in opposition, the number of supporters increases regularly. Not only do most opposing take a religious standpoint, but they also claim is have a negative effect on ââ¬Å"real marriageâ⬠and that same-sex households cannot provide the necessary parenting needed to properly raise a child. Not only do most advocates feel that some of the opposing arguments make no sense, but also that others are based off ofRead MoreThe Debate Over Same Sex Marriage1682 Words à |à 7 PagesThe largely debated topic of same-sex relationships have been on the forefront of all U.S. citizenââ¬â¢s minds, including and more specifically of those in the branches of legislature. More states tod ay have begun passing laws that accept and recognize marriage for this population. This minority group, in some opinions, has been at a disadvantage when it comes to marriage equality. Previous studies have explored this great debate in the United States beginning in the 1970s. The Minnesota Post publishedRead MoreThe Legalization Of Gay Marriage1749 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Legalization of Gay Marriage: A Step to Equality Imagine a world where heterosexuals are the minority. Straight people would be the ones fighting for the same rights as homosexuals. Same-sex marriages would be average and normal, while straight marriages would be frowned upon and considered unholy in the eyes of religion. Heterosexuals would be denied service at restaurants because of their sexuality, they would be called derogatory names while holding their partnerââ¬â¢s hand and most importantlyRead MoreHow Does Same Sex Marriage Affects in Decreasing Population Growth1436 Words à |à 6 PagesFirst, what is MARRIAGE? Marriage is a socially or ritually recognized union or legal contract betweenà spousesà that establishes rights and obligations between them, between them and their children. (From that statement, the word children are the most important thing in marriage, WHY? Because we all know having same sex marriage CANNOT produce a child) What is SAME SEX MARRIAGE? -------------- Decrease of population growth caused by SAME SEX MARRIAGE Extending the benefits and status ofRead MoreGay Couples Should Not Be Allowed to Adopt Children Essay870 Words à |à 4 Pagespresent of the social since the same-sex relationship has become more popular, for it has currently granted in some states such as Connecticut, Iowa, and Massachusetts. While many people think the gay couple desert legal right to have their own life, for they are just as human as others. Although many people are fighting for same sex couples adopting, I believe the gay couples should not be allowed to adopt children since it brings to many effects such as emotion, sex education, and the nature. Read MoreThe Defense Of Marriage Act1271 Words à |à 6 Pagesput the provision into effect by enacting the Full Faith and Credit Statute. Revised most recently in 1948, it provides, in part, that properly authenticated shall have the same full faith and credit in every court within the United States. In 1996, to help defend one-man, one-woman marriage from efforts to redefine it, the U.S. Congress overwhelmingly passed - and President Bill Clinton signed - the Defense of Marriage Act. This basically enabled states to define marriage distinctly and mainlyRead MoreThe Social Invention Of Marriage928 Words à |à 4 PagesSECTION THREE The social invention of marriage has changed over time, and as discussed above, it is no longer acceptable to separate black people from white while claiming to treat them ââ¬Å"equallyâ⬠. Similar to this, we cannot claim to be treating homosexuals equally, while enforcing laws that exclude them. The progression that our country has made towards civil rights have come about simply because we are all citizens of the United States. In a society so richly entrenched in the search for and theRead MoreThe Issue Of Same Sex Marriage1434 Words à |à 6 Pagesissues being discussed publicly today, same sex marriage seems to be one of the most trending of them all. Part of this is due largely to fact that a vast majority of minorities in the United States are dealing with it today. This issue, however, sheds light on a few areas, primarily ethically, family values, morals, religious views and beliefs. What we need to consider is what same sex marriage consists of, the challenges and l iving as such, and finally the effects it has brought upon the government Annahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11620159154595507274noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-623973779150288793.post-37341214154255203032019-12-26T22:04:00.001-08:002019-12-26T22:04:03.747-08:00Famous People From Ohio - InventorsAnnahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11620159154595507274noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-623973779150288793.post-26141083503233592672019-12-18T17:53:00.001-08:002019-12-18T17:53:03.446-08:00The Government And Its Infringement On Privacy - 1902 Words The Government and its Infringement on Privacy Is anyoneââ¬â¢s private information contained in their cell phone actually private? Are appointments, bank information, conversations, the userââ¬â¢s location or other sensitive personal information truly confidential? Is there a Big Brother watching? There is no definitive answer to any of these questions. From the beginning of time to now, privacy has become more and more scarce. Through new developments in technology, it is hard to believe that someone is not watching your move at any given moment. The governmentââ¬â¢s job is to keep Americans safe, but where is the line drawn? Where is the difference between having a reasonable doubt and accessing information solely because theseâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Americans are subject to invasion of privacy by the government through the new wave of social media and technology, new surveillance technologies and the ongoing war on terrorism. One of the reasons cell phone privacy has become a controversial issue is due to cell phones and other forms of technology becoming increasingly popular and widespread, especially amongst American people. As of 2014, in fact, ââ¬Å"there were over 355 million cell phone subscriptions in the U.S. according to the Cellular Telecommunications Internationalâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Wireless Communications: Voice and Data Privacyâ⬠1). This number has only increased exponentially as more people are being attracted to the accessibility of Smartphones in particular. The reason many people are afraid of their lives being violated, especially by the government, is because in todayââ¬â¢s society, someoneââ¬â¢s entire life is on their cell phone. Every second of every day, that phone tracks where people are, what people are doing, who people are with, and every other minor detail of life that one might not want others to know. Eric Zeman from Opposing Viewpoints describes Smartphones as being both a best friend and worst enemy (132). This is due to the fact that it can be beneficial, but if it falls into the wrong hands it can be devastating and put one at risk. Likewise, the government might be the ones trying to access the cell phone, the device with all crucialShow MoreRelatedThe Government And Its Infringement On Privacy2092 Words à |à 9 Pages Final Exam Paper The Government and its Infringement on Privacy Is anyoneââ¬â¢s private information contained in their cell phone actually private? Are appointments, bank information, conversations, the userââ¬â¢s location or other sensitive personal information truly confidential? Is there a Big Brother watching? There is no definitive answer to any of these questions. From the beginning of time to now, privacy has become more and more scarce. Through new developmentsRead MoreGovernment Infringement On Right And Privacy1005 Words à |à 5 PagesBrad Tulkki Cisewski ENGL 1202-14 15 March 2017 Government Infringement on Right to Privacy According to Vice President Mike Pence, ââ¬Å"The Patriot Act is essential to our continued success in the war on terror here at home.â⬠(Brainyquote). Politicians across the political spectrum overwhelmingly agree that the Patriot Act is a necessary measure to protect the citizens of the United States from the imminent threat of terrorism. à After the terror attacks of September 11th, 2001, fear filled the emotionsRead MorePrivacy Infringement by Surveillance Technology1042 Words à |à 5 Pagestechnology trends, the government has started to store the public database and the other activities through internet i.e. the government is trying to switch over e-governance. But inspite of such development and advancement, the surveillance technology is in the controversy of infringement of the individualââ¬â¢s privacy. So, the presentation will cover the perspectives on how the surveillance technology has infringed the individual privacy. The paper has 4 parts, meaning of privacy and how the conceptRead MoreExclusionary Rule And The Rule Of Law1385 Words à |à 6 Pagesalways factor in the provisions of criminal procedure and natural justice when cross-examining offenders. In light of this, the exclusionary rule allows a defendant to argue his case if his privacy rights were violated before arraigned in court. In essence, the provisions of the exclusionary rule prevent the government authorities and machinery such as FBI and CIA from gathering evidence from an individual in a manner that disrespects the United States constitution. Therefore, the exclusionary law protectsRead MoreInformation, Personal, And Social Media1303 Words à |à 6 Pagescorrect for an employer or the government to be able to access someoneââ¬â¢s personal information. This includes, but is not limited to, as outlined in Charles J. Sykes essay, medical information, personal e-mail correspondence, social media account information, a personâ⠬â¢s voice mail, what you have stored on your computer, and your credit reports (Sykes 19). Some argue that this is an infringement on a personââ¬â¢s right to privacy while others argue that businesses and government officials have the right andRead MoreHow Can Data Controllers Improve The Right? Essay862 Words à |à 4 Pages2014) The court also makes data controllers accountable as to guarantee the balance between individual s rights to privacy versus the public s right to information. This of course is not simple to accomplish, the court set of parameters generates millions of uncertainties in finding the proper equilibrium to the parties involve. How can data controllers harmonize the right of privacy vs. the freedom of speech and information? How can data controllers set the most responsible criteria to deal withRead MoreEssay on Human Rights, War and Terrorism1226 Words à |à 5 PagesAmerica in Iraq and Afghanistan is a continuous infringement of their rights to life, peace, self-determination, just to mention a few. The United Nations Charter provides in its Article 2(4) that all members shall retrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any stateà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦ No country should invade another country or overthrow their government. No country should position itself as theRead MoreMedicare Privacy in Australia1161 Words à |à 5 Pagesof optimizing the quality and efficiency of health delivery through electronic communications and information technology to ensure the right health info at the right time and place in a manner that privacy is secured. This initiative was highly regarded as a major achievement of the incumbent government upon its complete realization. Upon its initiation this was forwarded to the Senate Community Affairs committee and known as ââ¬Å"Healthcare Identifiers Bill (HI)â⬠as proposed by Ms Nicola Roxon, MinisterRead MoreCase Study Essay example681 Words à |à 3 Pages1. Assume ParaWorld was eventually ordered to cease and desist due to IP infringement. What category of IP has ParaWorld most likely infringed? Explain the actions that constitute such an infringement. (5 Marks) 2. What are some of the anti-competitive behaviours SesamWare might be guilty of? How did/might SesamWareââ¬â¢s behavior adversely affect free market competition upon which international trade depends? ( 5 Marks) 3. Is there an international law governing Sesameââ¬â¢s behaviour? How willRead MoreMass Surveillance : A Questionable Activity Essay1052 Words à |à 5 PagesSeptember 11, 2001 peopleââ¬â¢s eyes from all over the world were witnessing one of the most dramatic events that was broadcast live. This major terrorist attack was followed by many, and lead our governments to take drastic measures to prevent as much as possible this kind of situation to happen again. Privacy did not become the first priority for the authorities, safety was. When Edward Snowden released through media classified National Security Agencyââ¬â¢s documents regarding global surveillance among Annahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11620159154595507274noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-623973779150288793.post-47822145704527413812019-12-10T14:35:00.001-08:002019-12-10T14:35:04.119-08:00Indian Army free essay sample Secondary, assist Government agencies to cope with ââ¬Ëproxy warââ¬â¢ and other internal threats and provide aid to civil authority when requisitioned for the purpose. The Indian soldier is famous for his high moral and high standard of discipline and for his matchless velour and great military genius. He is accustomed to a life of hardship and discipline. He guards our frontier. He defends our country. he saves us from the external aggression. In peace time, he does many a social service. In war-time, he dedicates his life for his country and nation. Let us think, how much were are indebted to our sturdy Jawans.Recruitment: An Indian soldier is recruited by the recruiting offices. He is recruited on the basis of physical fitness and necessary age and education. The selection is very strict. if he is selected he is enrolled in one of the arms and services of the army. There are arms and services like Infantry, Artillery, Engineers, Signalers, Armored Corps, Army Service Crops and so on. After selection, he goes to one of the training centers to get military training. Training: In the training centre, he gets basic military training like drill, physical training and weapon training.He is trained in range practices, bayonet-fighting and handling of explosives like grenades and mortars. Here we find the recruit in his gray uniform, heavy black boots, a jungle hat and a rifle slung over his shoulder. Everyday he takes four hours, training. From (6-30 A. M. to 11 A. M. ) in rifle-shooting, firing and throwing grenades, climbing a rope, negotiation a rope bridge, crawling and bayonet charge. There are occasional route-marches to maximum of 25 miles. negotiating a rope bridge is to walk upon a rope the ends of which are tied to the branches of two trees.Besides he learns three Rs, map-reading, current affairs, civics, bayonet training, rifle, light machine-gun, grenade, field craft and jungle training, battle assault courses, physical training, route marches, games and drill. His trainings, becomes complete when he takes part in a mock battle. Then he is attended at a special parade. It is known as Kasam Parade. The recruit takes an oath on his religious book, to serve the nation and to lay down his life, if need be in upholding the nations honour. After completing this six months, training the recruit becomes a soldier.Then he is posted to a battalion or regiment. Here he undergoes further training. Equipment: Most of the army equipment is imported, but efforts are being made to manufacture indigenous equipment. The Defence Research and Development Organisation has developed a range of weapons for the Indian Army ranging from small arms, artillery, radars and the Arjuntank. All Indian Military small-arms are manufactured under the umbrella administration of the Ordnance Factories Board, with principal Firearm manufacturing facilities in Ichhapore, Cossipore, Kanpur, Jabalpur and Tiruchirapalli.The Indian National Small Arms System (INSAS) rifle, which is successfully inducted by Indian Army since 1997 is a product of the Ishapore Rifle Factory, while ammunition is manufactured at Khadki and possibly at Bolangir. Aircraft: The Army Aviation Corps is the main body of the Indian Army for tactical air transport, reconnaissance, and medical evacuation, while Indian Air Forces helicopter assets are responsible for assisting the army troop transport and close air support. It operates around 150 helicopters.The Indian army had projected a requirement for a helicopter that can carry loads of up to 750 kg heights of 23,000 feet (7,000 m) on the Siachen Glacier in Jammu and Kashmir. Flying at these heights poses unique challenges due to the rarefied atmosphere. The Indian Army chose the Eurocopter AS 550 for a $550 million contract for 197 light helicopters to replace its ageing fleet of Chetaks andCheetahs, some of which were inducted more than three decades ago. The deal has however, been scrapped amidst allegations of corruption during the bidding process.Uniforms: The Indian Army camouflage consists of shirts, trousers and cap of a synthetic material. Shirts are buttoned up with two chest pockets with buttoned up flaps. Trousers have two pockets, two thigh box pockets and a back pocket. The Indian Army Jungle camouflage dress features a jungle camouflage pattern and is designed for use in woodland environments. The Indian Army Desert camouflage, which features a desert camouflage pattern, is used by artillery and infantry posted in dusty, semi-desert and desert areas of Rajasthan and its vicinity.The forces of the East India Company in India were forced by casualties to dye their white summer tunics to neutral tones, initially a tan called khaki (from the Hindi-Urdu word for dusty). This was a temporary measure which became standard in Indian service in the 1880s. Only during the Second Boer War in 1902, did the entire British Army standardise on dun for Service Dress. Indian Army uniform standardises on dun for khaki. The modern Indian Army wears distinctive parade uniforms characterised by variegated turbans and waist-sashes in regimental colours.The Gurkha and Garwhal Rifles and the Assam, Kumaon and the Naga Regiments wear broad brimmed hats of traditional style. Traditionally, all Rifle regiments and the Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry (Jammu and Kashmir Rifles, Garhwal Rifles, Gurkha Rifles, and Rajputana Rifles) wear rank badges, buttons and blackened wire embroidered articles of uniform in black instead of the usual Brass (or gold) coloured as the original role of the rifle regiments was camouflage and concealment. Formation and structure: The army has a strength of about a million troops and fields 34 divisions. Annahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11620159154595507274noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-623973779150288793.post-10850537340366770972019-12-03T02:18:00.001-08:002019-12-03T02:18:02.758-08:00Manny Pacquiao free essay sample With a better understanding of Pacquiao, many would be able to grasp and acknowledge how a boxer/fighter can be an idolizing leader as well. Pacquiaoââ¬â¢s Personal Background Emmanuel Dapidran Pacquiao, also known as Manny Pacquiao, was born on December 17, 1978 in Kibawe, Bukidnon, Philippines to Rosalio and Dionesia Pacquiao. He is the fourth among six siblings in which his mother had to raise by herself starting from the time Pacquiao was in sixth grade due to marriage separation (Chua-Eoan par. 4). This affected Pacquiao in a way that forced him to leave home at the age of 14 and drop out of high school due to poverty and his mother not making enough money to support the family (Chua-Eoan par. 8). He moved to Manila and lived, at a time, on the streets (Chua-Eoan par. 8). He started boxing and soon enough made the Philippine national amateur boxing team. He was just sixteen years of age when he began his professional boxing career (Chua-Eoan par. We will write a custom essay sample on Manny Pacquiao or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 11). From then on out, Pacquiao would rank up in different weight divisions and soon enough became legendary known. Even though heââ¬â¢s still continuing to make his mark in his boxing profession, heââ¬â¢s playing an active role in politics as well. He is the only active boxer to become a congressman in the Philippines (Chua-Eoan par. 3). He is currently married to Maria Jamora with whom he has four children and is residing in Kiamba, Sarangani, the hometown of his wife (Chua-Eoan par. 5). Pacquiao is among those individuals whose childhood/family life affected their education when growing up. Pacquiao seemed almost obligated to drop out of high school due to the impact of poverty and living within a household that contained many children with only one parent supporting. Times were rough, however in February of 2007, Pacquiao passed a high school equivalency exam making him eligible for college education and was rewarded with a high school diploma by the Department of Education (Chua-Eoan par. 9). He continued on to get a college degree in business management at Notre Dame of Dadiangas University (NDDU) in his hometown in General Santos City (Esplanada par. ). In preparation for his career as a lawmaker in the House of Representatives, Pacquiao enrolled in the Development Academy of the Philippines Graduate School of Public and Development Management (Chua-Eoan par. 10). Despite his age, Pacquiao was determined to go back and complete his high school education setting up to be an excellent role model for children, youth and adults that feel like it is too late to finish s chool. As the saying goes, itââ¬â¢s always better late than never at all. Political Influences and Development With no doubt in mind, one can assume that Manny Pacquiao has a list of names of those who have inspired him in his profession in boxing, but however it is quite intriguing to know who has influenced him politically. An important figure who played an influential role on Pacquiao was former Filipino Senator and Governor of Tarlac, Philippines, Benigno ââ¬Å"Ninoyâ⬠Aquino (James 180). Aquino himself was an active politician and left a lasting impression on the Philippines during the time of former President Marcosââ¬â¢ regime. Although Aquino had different political goals in mind compared to those of Pacquiaoââ¬â¢s, what Pacquiao found admiring of him was his candidness and sincerity (James 182). Aquino was a strong, determined individual who was willing to jepordize his seat in office and even his own life to stand up for his country. However, the one major influence and reason that led Pacquiao to get involve with the government and politics, would have to be the people of his country, specifically those living in poverty in his hometowns (Collins par. ). If it werenââ¬â¢t for his own childhood experience, Pacquiao wouldnââ¬â¢t have the urge to give back to the community. Since that is not the case, Pacquiao continues to help those in desire need without having to think twice. Within the same time after obtaining his high school diploma and college degree, Pacquiao announced that he would be running for a seat in the House of Representatives in the May 2007 legislative election as a candidate of the Liberal Party, aiming to represent the 1st District of South Cotabato (James 174). Sadly, he was defeated in this election by Representative Darlene Antonino-Custodio. In the following year in September 2008, Pacquiao became a member of Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino (KAMPI), a pro-administration political party (James 174). The next year on November 21, 2009, Pacquiao confirmed that he would run again for the congressional seat, but this time for Sarangani province, the hometown of his wife (Balana par. 1). Within a year, on May 13, 2010, he was officially proclaimed congressman of the lone district of Sarangani trouncing his rival by nearly 60,000 votes (James 178). Annahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11620159154595507274noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-623973779150288793.post-17579459949149208312019-11-27T09:49:00.001-08:002019-11-27T09:49:02.939-08:00Green Business Essay ExampleGreen Business Essay Example Green Business Essay Green Business Essay Essay on Green Business Industrialization is defined as the large-scale of introduction of manufacturing, advanced technical enterprises, and other productive economic activity in an area. In todays world, many countries are becoming industrialized because it is a sign of power and wealth. Industrialization however, can have negative effect on the environment and living things that include factors such as overpopulation, pollution and bad business practices (greed). This is why a lot of people and organizations today are helping to promote better ways of doing business that will help reduce the active effects of industrialization. N One of the key concepts of industrialization as explained in the article Dying of Consumption? Voluntary Simplicity as an Antidote to Hypothermias is production. The more a company produces, the more profit it will gain, which means more consumption. The author states that materialism is the main reason for the recession that has hit America. According to him, the pursuit of se lf interest, also known as greed, has caused more harm to the society because everyone only thinks about their own well being and not of the environment as a whole. Over-consumption : The problem is over-consumption, people consume more than they need to. The USA spends more natural resources than any other nation in the world. There are several solutions to overcompensation and hypothermias proposed by the author, some which I disagree on. One solution is for consumers to make adjustments and move away from luxury brands and towards simple and cheaper products. Luxury brands do require use of more rare resources, however I also think it reduces consumption. A rich person can spend all their money on one luxury brand or on many inferior brands, its the same thing. One requires more resources and the other more consumption. Another solution is less meat consumption. This is one of the cases of easier said than done. Yes, less meat is better for the environment, but farming livestock is easier and more profitable than farming crops. With crops you have to deal with protection from insects, fertilized soil and weather because certain crops grow during certain season. Meats also taste better than vegetables, and most people only go for taste. This is why a burger in McDonalds cost one dolled while a salad cost five dollars. The author states that even though people require money to take care of their basic needs, an increase in higher income do little to make a person happier once their basic needs are satisfied. Basically that money does not bring a person more happiness, rather it causes more consumption and materialism. I believe this to be true, however without incentives that include promotion and the opportunities for higher positions that pay more money, there really wouldnt be any new innovations and changes that increases efficiency. If everyone earned the same income there ally wouldnt be capitalism, it would be more like a communist society. Even though to find ways to decrease consumption which in turn will decrease pollution and waste and bring for awareness to a society that focuses more on the environment than material goods. In order to decrease the negative effects of industrialization, more companies must become green businesses. Individual efforts can go so far, but businesses must set the examples for they are one who in public. Not only is becoming a green business better for the environment, but it is also a profitable one. Annahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11620159154595507274noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-623973779150288793.post-15713562124828353912019-11-23T17:23:00.001-08:002019-11-23T17:23:02.509-08:00Free Essays on Canadian Foreign PolicyDoes Canada have an Independent Foreign Policy? Canada, a Nation Ahead of itââ¬â¢s Time? The question regarding ââ¬Å"Does Canada have an independent foreign policy?â⬠must first be deconstructed before it can be answered. Firstly, the nation of ââ¬ËCanadaââ¬â¢ must be defined. Canada is the north most nation of North America, formerly a colony of both Britain and France contributing to multilingual culture, with a wide array of environmental landscapes, on either side of the nation are the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The country is comprised of 10 provinces and 3 territories and has a population of approximately 31,499,560 (Statistics Canada). Secondly the word ââ¬ËIndependentââ¬â¢ must be defined, Websterââ¬â¢s 10th Collegiate Dictionary defines it as: Not governed by a foreign power; self-governing. This definition must be expanded to say that independent includes a free will of the government to conduct foreign affairs as they feel is in the best interests of the people who reside in the country. Finally and most importantly ââ¬ËForeign p olicy must be defined. Webster's 10th Collegiate Dictionary defines 'foreign policy' as "the policy of a sovereign state in its interaction with other sovereign states." Sovereign means having absolute power within a limited scope: the borders of a country. Foreign policy can further be expressed as the diplomatic strings which hold this world together. The actions of one state affect the people in other states. The best example of the actions of states being affected by other nationââ¬â¢s policy is with regards to war. When a country is at war, even if it is civil war it affects other states because of things like refugees fleeing a war torn homeland in hope for a peaceful settlement. It also affects countries with operations inside the war torn country. This example illustrates that the actions of one states policy affects others. These explanations of the key terms in the question regarding wh... Free Essays on Canadian Foreign Policy Free Essays on Canadian Foreign Policy Does Canada have an Independent Foreign Policy? Canada, a Nation Ahead of itââ¬â¢s Time? The question regarding ââ¬Å"Does Canada have an independent foreign policy?â⬠must first be deconstructed before it can be answered. Firstly, the nation of ââ¬ËCanadaââ¬â¢ must be defined. Canada is the north most nation of North America, formerly a colony of both Britain and France contributing to multilingual culture, with a wide array of environmental landscapes, on either side of the nation are the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The country is comprised of 10 provinces and 3 territories and has a population of approximately 31,499,560 (Statistics Canada). Secondly the word ââ¬ËIndependentââ¬â¢ must be defined, Websterââ¬â¢s 10th Collegiate Dictionary defines it as: Not governed by a foreign power; self-governing. This definition must be expanded to say that independent includes a free will of the government to conduct foreign affairs as they feel is in the best interests of the people who reside in the country. Finally and most importantly ââ¬ËForeign p olicy must be defined. Webster's 10th Collegiate Dictionary defines 'foreign policy' as "the policy of a sovereign state in its interaction with other sovereign states." Sovereign means having absolute power within a limited scope: the borders of a country. Foreign policy can further be expressed as the diplomatic strings which hold this world together. The actions of one state affect the people in other states. The best example of the actions of states being affected by other nationââ¬â¢s policy is with regards to war. When a country is at war, even if it is civil war it affects other states because of things like refugees fleeing a war torn homeland in hope for a peaceful settlement. It also affects countries with operations inside the war torn country. This example illustrates that the actions of one states policy affects others. These explanations of the key terms in the question regarding wh... Annahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11620159154595507274noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-623973779150288793.post-70412291045896301932019-11-21T05:28:00.001-08:002019-11-21T05:28:03.116-08:00Katharine Kolcaba and Comfort Theory Term PaperKatharine Kolcaba and Comfort Theory - Term Paper Example Purpose of Nursing ââ¬Å"Holistic nursing careâ⬠sees comfort as a significant need throughout a person's lifetime (Malinowski & Stamler, 2002, p.599). Some of the indicators of quality and holistic nursing care are nursing outcomes that impact ââ¬Å"holistic comfortâ⬠and patient satisfaction (Malinowski & Stamler, 2002, p.601). Kolcaba and Kolcaba (1991) lamented about the lack of richness and complexity of nursing as a science, because of the absence of further conceptualization of critical care terms: ââ¬Å"... meanings of the term [comfort] are not specifiedâ⬠(p. 1301). Boundaries of Nursing Nursing has ââ¬Å"comfortâ⬠as one of its fundamental theme, value, and outcome, which differentiates it from other health-related professions that focus on other technical values (Siefert, 2002, p.16). Nursing is related to disciplines of anthropology and psychology. Nursing is associated with anthropology, because both require careful observations and documentation s of observed settings (Kolcaba, 2003, p.23). Nursing is also related to psychology, where comfort is a physical, mental, and emotional state: ââ¬Å"a state of ease and quiet enjoyment, [no] worryâ⬠(Kolcaba & Dimarco, 2005, p.188), as well as ââ¬Å"satisfactionâ⬠and ââ¬Å"reliefâ⬠(Tutton & Seers, 2003, p.690). ... ancer and receiving radiation therapy, as well as people with urinary problems or mental problems, or are at their end-of-life stages (Kolcaba & Dimarco, 2005, p.188). Description of Nursing Situations The one nursed has physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural, and environmental comfort needs (Kolcaba & Dimarco, 2005, p.188). Nurses should be knowledgeable and skilled in their profession (i.e. knowledgeable in communication strategies), sensitive and emphatic to patients who are asking for help and complain about discomfort, and have practical knowledge about medicines (Epstein, 2010, p.577; Stajduhar, Thorne, McGuinness, & Kim-Sing, 2010, pp.2040-2041) and other important non-pharmacological interventions (i.e. massage, as studied by Harris & Richards, 2010) . Quality interactions between nurses and the nurse can be described as resulting to patient satisfaction, because the patients feel relieved in how their comfort needs are met, and they are also satisfied with their relations and interactions with their nurses (Zaccardi, Wilson, & Mokrzycki, 2010, p.138). Context of the Development of Comfort Theory Katharine Kolcaba and Her Comfort Theory Kolcaba (1991) developed the Comfort Theory, because during her course of study, she believed that ââ¬Å"comfortâ⬠is not yet fully analyzed as a nursing concept (p.1301). In addition, there is a need for a mid-range theory that has rich concepts and real applications to nursing practice (Kolcaba & Dimarco, 2005, p.188). She also asserted that the nursing profession would benefit from clearer conceptual terms that can be operationalized and measured more accurately. In 1965, Kolcaba obtained her nursing diploma from St. Luke's Hospital School of Nursing in Cleveland (Kolcaba, 2003, p.2). She practiced full and part-time nursing Annahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11620159154595507274noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-623973779150288793.post-49448055126180275572019-11-20T03:26:00.001-08:002019-11-20T03:26:04.365-08:00About Business Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsAbout Business - Personal Statement Example My keen interest on the functionality of the business soared as I began to study Business in my GCSE level. I become more enthusiastic on every aspects of Business across the globe. My father who owns real estateââ¬â¢s with over ten employees has been a bigger inspiration for my zeal for business. He has made me to assist him in the management of the business and this has enabled me to deeply understand the management of business finances and the taskforce required for the business to be successful. My zeal for business has enabled me to own photocopying business at the vicinity of the college. The business is doing well and this demonstrates that I have the correct attitude towards my career. As depicted in my zeal I have always remained focused on harnessing my business developments and I have a deep conviction that the small beginnings and more knowledge on Business studies will enable me to be a key player in the Business Annahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11620159154595507274noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-623973779150288793.post-86347769401874302072019-11-17T15:56:00.001-08:002019-11-17T15:56:03.903-08:00Annotation of Toby Fulwilerââ¬â¢s ââ¬ÅProvocative Revisionââ¬Â Essay Example for Free Annotation of Toby Fulwilerââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Provocative Revisionâ⬠Essay Provocative Revision by Toby Fulwiler is an essay that talks about how he, as an experienced teacher of writing, has come up with different techniques in the overlooked art of re-writing. His paper specifically discusses about where, when, and how to revise. To successfully do this, he presents four provocative suggestions to help students in revising their papers. These techniques are: limiting, adding, switching, and transforming. Limiting. Generalization is bad in writing. The cure for this, Fulwiler argues, is limiting. Generalities do not have much appeal because most people already know about them. What catches the readersââ¬â¢ attention are details of things they already know. Telling details makes subjects come to life. Fulwiler further suggests limiting on time, action, scope, and focus. Adding. The natural thing to do in revisions is to add new information. Some techniques on adding are adding dialog and interviews. Adding dialog adds drama and appeal. Adding interviews, on the other hand, makes the paper more credible, especially when experts are part of the interview. Switching. Switching involves re-writing the story by using a different approach or perspective. Sometimes, a change in point of view makes a paper interesting. A change of voice ââ¬Å"changes the nature of the information and the way it is receivedâ⬠(Fulwiler 165). Changing voice could mean changing the point of view from first to third person, from subjective to objective, and vice-versa. Transforming. Transforming involves overhauling the whole paper, making the way it is presented totally different from its preceding draft. Provocative Revision Critique/Comments Toby Fulwiler, establishes his credibility in the subject of revising by saying that he has been teaching writing for a long time; a good technique to persuade an audience to listen to what he is saying. Despite his extensive experience in education, he humbly says that his education is far from over. He also says that despite him ââ¬Å"provokingâ⬠his students to revise their papers, he makes sure that the studentsââ¬â¢ styles are kept. There is some truth in his views on generalization as a bad technique. Unfortunately, the world still has much to learn. Sometimes general things can be new to some people. Since Fulwiler has a specific audience in mind, his assumption is valid; otherwise, he too is guilty of generalization. Another thing worth commenting on his subject on limiting is the way he makes limiting like tabloid writingââ¬âhe says that details on personalities, problems, and scandals are interesting subjects. He presents a problem in his teachingââ¬âstudents who donââ¬â¢t do their own work. He claims that by making students revise their work, he can make students (even those that donââ¬â¢t do their own) do their own work. He fails to realize that the students who ask others to do their work for them may do the same thing with the revisions. Other than these, the rest of Fulwilerââ¬â¢s article is quite good; he provides passages from his studentsââ¬â¢ work as examples for bad and good writing. The good news is that those that turned out to be bad examples at first, turned out to be good papers after some revision using the techniques presented. Work Cited Fulwiler, Toby. ââ¬Å"Provocative Revision. â⬠The St. Martinââ¬â¢s Sourcebook for Writing Tutors. 3rd Ed. Christina Murphy and Steve Sherwood. Boston, New York: Bedford/St. Martinââ¬â¢s, 2008. 156-168. Annahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11620159154595507274noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-623973779150288793.post-46849410554016400382019-11-15T04:27:00.001-08:002019-11-15T04:27:03.305-08:00Jazz Essay -- essays research papers Jazz Jazz is a type of music developed by black Americans about 1900 and possessing an identifiable history and describable stylistic evolution. It is rooted in the mingled musical traditions of American blacks. More black musicians saw jazz for the first time a profession. Since its beginnings jazz has branched out into so many styles that no single description fits all of them with total accuracy. Performers of jazz improvise within the conventions of their chosen style. Improvisation gave jazz a personalized, individualized, and distinct feel. Most jazz is based on the principle that an infinite number of melodies can fit the cord progressively of any cord. The twenties were a crucial period in the history of music. Revolutions, whether in arts or matter of state, create a new world only by sacrificing the old. By the late twenties, improvisation had expanded to the extent of improvisation we ordinarily expect from jazz today. It was the roaring twenties that a group of new tonalities entered the mainstream, fixing the sound and the forms of our popular music for the next thirty years. Louie Armstrong closed the book on the dynastic tradition in New Orleans jazz. The first true virtuoso soloist of jazz, Louie Armstrong was a dazzling improviser, technically, emotionally, and intellectually. Armstrong, often called the "father of jazz," always spoke with deference, bordering on awe, of his musical roots, and with especial devotion of his mentor Joe Oliver. He changed the format of jazz by bringing the soloist to the forefront, and in his recording groups, the Hot Five and the Hot seven, demonstrated that jazz improvisation could go far beyond simply ornamenting the melody. Armstrong was one of the first jazz musicians to refine a rhythmic conception that abandoned the stiffness of ragtime, employed swing light-note patterns, and he used a technique called "rhythmic displacement." Rhythmic displacement was sometimes staggering the placement of an entire phrase, as though he were playing behind the beat. He created new melodies based on the chords of the initial tune. He also set standards for all later jazz singers, not only by the way he altered the words and melodies of songs but also by improvising without words... ...ner and the classical pieces of twentieth-century composers Paul Hindemith and Bela Bartok. Latin-American music also inspired Corea^s style. Early in his career, Corea had played in several bands that featured Latin-American music. Corea^s crisp, percussive touch enhances the Latin feeling. It is also consistent with his bright, very spirited style of comping. Like Tyner, Corea voiced chords in fourths. Voicing in fourths means that chords are made up of notes four steps away from each other. Chick Corea joined Miles Davis^ band in 1968, and played electric piano on the landmark In a silent way, album and the influential "Bitches Brew" session. His own trio recording with Miroslav Vitous and Roy Haynes, "Now He sings, Now He sobs," became a staple in the record collection of modern jazz lovers during the late sixties. Corea was a prominent composer during the 1960s and 1970s. Corea wrote pieces that made good use of preset bass lines in accompaniment, particularly those with a Latin-American flavor. In 1985, Chick Corea formed the Elektric Band, which became known for its use of synthesizers. The band^s debut was with Chick Corea Eleckric Band, on GRP Records. Annahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11620159154595507274noreply@blogger.com0