Economic system Essay Example for Free

Economic system EssayIn our present time , there are many speculation spoken by different people, regarding the implementation of the bleak Curriculum , K to 12. There are many question still hanging on ,Is it the solution to our poverty , underemployment and unemployment.? Does K to 12 curriculum basically enhance our students knowledge? Does this curriculum eliminates at lessen poverty in our country. Our DepEd Secretary, Bro. Armin A.Luistro, FSC, starting whenhe became an instruction Secretary, He is trying to qualifying the traditional way of teaching, trying to resolve different problem, control and motivates the teachers, students , parents and government officials to cooperate in order to help our students to be competitive enough. In his closure of State of Philippine Education, he emphasize the trend and issues in Education System in a. Philippine Education is under in Chronic malady b. Regression in Access c. Bureaucratic Melee d. Appropriations allotted I n Educ ation e.On the need of straighten out f. The Join Forces of 3 Agencies in Government. The DOLE, TESDA, and CHED. g. The Idea of EFA 2015 and Millennium Development Goals, 1. The Philippine Education is under in chronic indisposition He said that our country is under the chronic illness , it is because the system in our country is suffering from different crisis, not only come from economic problem, but most probably in political system.In this country, Our governmentalways change our curriculum from time to time, for them we must faced the reality and we must adapt the changes but themere fact is , they dont even nutriment that particular in terms of facilities, tools, books and early(a) school materials, thats why our curriculum is only a Trial-Error set up. Inother aspects the reason why we still in the last in terms of Education it is because of crossion and political problems.2. Regression in Access The main problem in our country is the lengthof Basic Education in Elementa ry and Secondary, this is only 10 years, unlike to other country which is 12 years. This is the reason why Filipino did not get the appropriate course on other country,3. Bureaucratic Melee In this case, we can say that the cultural aspects of the society are the big problem. Despite of financial and economic crisis knock in our country, they questi unmatchedd some people or other non government organizations if school receive donations, For them it is a form of corruption ,but the reality is some government officials is the one who is the corrupt one. We must face the reality that government funds is not sufficient to support different schools thats why we need support from other agencies. 4. Appropriations for EducationDepartment of Budget and Management or DBM allocatesfund for a certain school whether it has autonomy or not. These budgets were divided depends on the numbers of enrollees per school. Government similarly allocates fund for the Teachers tools, equipments, lesson plan, and classrecords , salaries and bonuses and incentives. Education is free, according to the Deped Memorandum. They allocated fundsfor Education but the big problem is, the higher ranking person did not distributed that funds to different divisions, instead of they corrupt that funds.Thats why DepEdis number2 in Corruption 5. On the Need for Reform Our Educationsystem needs a reformation, in order to make our graduates be competitive enough. Reform will start on the top down to the lower ranking position. Reformation willlead us tothe better world, better society and better graduates. Reformation not only in Educational system but also in the society, most especially in our government presently. Reform in policies, avoid corruption, because new ideas, new curriculum, and helpus tobuild mind of a graduates professionally growth.

Brave New World Critical Lens Essay Example for Free

Brave New World Critical Lens EssayI have freedom, you say? Do you really? Perhaps, in some ways, you do. however in the end, youre just another puppet being controlled by invisible strings whether you know it or not. Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains, Jean-Jacques Rousseau once said. In society, man is chained and controlled by the government, by pressure of conforming to the social norms, by wealth and social class, and by iodins desires and emotions. Prior to birth, man is not restricted by such factors but that is merely a fleeting moment as he is slow exposed to more and more of the world. I agree that everywhere man is in chains, but on the contrary, I believe man is already chained from the obtainthat man is never free. In the novel, Brave New World, by Aldous Huxley, babies are decanted and knowing to play out their predestined roles in the World State. As proterozoic as the embryonic stage, babies-to-be already have their fates determined for them. In addition to conditioning, a drug called soma that induces a false sense of happiness dominates these batchs lives. As long as there is society, there will be shackles.Subjects of the World State were pre-separated into specific caste levels through processes such as the Bokanovsky Process, hypnopaedia, and Pavlovian conditioning. As mere embryos, they were already being trained for their predestined fates. By the time they reached the end of the assembly line, freedom did not exist anymore. They were enslaved to society. They were conditioned to strictly love and enjoy the aspects of their own castes and dislike the aspects of other castes. We also predestine and condition. We decant our babies as socialized human beings, as Alphas or Epsilons, as future sewage workers (13) stated the Director of Hatcheries matter-of-factly. How can man be bornor in this case, decantedfree if he cant til now off make his own major life decisions or think for himself?Aside from conditioning, Wo rld State citizens so easily obeyed the government because they lived in such a perfect world that there just wasnt anything to complain about. Generally, they didnt have any problems in regards to sickness, death, desires, old age, passion, relationships and other issues that were often associated with an unstable society. tidy sum are happy they get what they want, and they never want what they cant get.(220) If anything bad happened, all they had to do was fruit a tablet. And do remember that a gramme is better than a damn. (55)The World State government kept their people in bottles. Each one of us, of coursegoes through life inside a bottle, stated Mustapha Mond. (222-223) The government expected everyone to act according to the standard of infantile behaviorof simple satisfaction, ignorance, and lack of self-restraint and they condemned anyone who acted otherwise.Citizens of the society were encouraged to take soma when distressed and attend social events and activities and s o on. It was through such ways that the people were kept distracted and obliviously controlled. These socialized human beings were so unknowing of the shackles around their limbs that they didnt even try or think to take them off.When a man is born with chainsmetaphorically speaking, of coursehe is incognizant of them. And if he is unaware of them, then there is no way for him to escape them. Such is the case with the people of the World State. They are conditioned to accept and even enjoy whatever path that is laid out in front of them. In this illusion of a perfect world, everyone is happy and without a care as the government does all the thinking for them. Ultimately, people of the World State are permanently trapped in a stage of infancyeven upon their deathbeds.

Proposal for Obesity Management Programme

Proposal for Obesity Management ProgrammeOBESITY PROGRAMEE FITNESS FOR FULFILMENTKathiravan Pillay KumarAbstractThe world has seen a rise in the production of obesity and its effects on the biological, psychological and brotherly tumesce beingness of individuals. This proposal reviews literature in relation to the causes as salubrious as effects on obesity specifically targeted at children mingled with the ages of 6 18 years old and evaluates current computer political programmes in cast to determine the rise in obesity. Programs from two the United States as well as Singapore ar used to analyse the western and Asian perspectives on tackling the issue of obesity. The proposed program would be aimed at reducing social stigma and increasing self-esteem that past or current programs do not address. The program exit be made up of three phases which include slaying, motivation and feedback as well as military rating of the entire programs effectiveness. Feasibility and exper tness of instilling the program are also discussed.Introduction and Review on ObesityObesity has been an issue present through various generations and is one go about by many nations worldwide. Recent years has seen a rise in the take aims of obesity especially in western nations but is currently seen to be a ontogeny issue even in Asian nations (Ramachandran Snehalatha, 2010). Based on recent findings by Ogden, Carroll, Kit and Flegal (2014) an estimated two third of the adult population in the United States are dense or obese with about one third of condition going children also falling under this category. A growing trend is also seen in Asia where findings in Singapore indicate that approximately one in ball club Singaporean adults between the age ranges of 18 to 69 were considered to be obese in 2010 with obesity rates said to be increasing at an estimated 1 percent per year (One in nine Singaporean, 2014).Multiple factors begin been suggested as causes to obesity, lot s focusing on mainly sensual and psychological factors. General physical causes of obesity are often due to genetic factors that cause abnormalities in fat cell metabolism and metabolic defects or simply having a sedentary life-style (Bray, York DeLany, 1992). There are also various psychological conditions or disorders that have been suggested to lead to obesity however first gear is considered to be the main cause of it as evidenced in Blaines (2008) study which indicated that individuals who were depressed were proven to be at probatoryly higher risk of becoming obese. Obesity is also often comorbid with depression and different eating disorders Blaines (2008).The primeval area of concern especially in recent times would be the effects of obesity on the individual as well as society as a whole. Numerous studies have been done to show the physical and psychological effects that obesity has on an individual. material aspects often include the risk of contracting illnesses s uch as heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes (Sturm, 2002). Psychological effects tend to focus on an individuals dead body dissatisfaction and self-image (Wardle Cooke, 2005) as well as well as psychosocial effects such as negative experiences through weight bias at home, in school, at work, through the media and even health and fitness areas (Amianto, Lavagnino, Abbate-Daga Fassino, 2011).Evaluation on Obesity Related ProgrammesOver the years there have been many programs put into place by governments and private agencies around the world that have been aimed to curb obesity. One key program introduced in the United States was the HEROES Initiative which targets tackling issues on childhood obesity (King et. al, 2014). The HEROES Initiative is a grant-funded intervention that targets schools to play a vital role in educating youth in obesity related behaviours (King et. al, 2014). The key aims of this this endeavour would be to take a comprehensive school health approach t hat decreases childhood obesity that in turn promotes healthy lifestyle habits among educatees as well as their families and also the school staff (King et. al, 2014). Key features that make the intervention unique would be that it offers a supportive means for participating schools by providing regular oversight, significant livelihood and various implementation strategies that are catered to a particular needs for legitimate schools depending on the district and neighbourhood that they are located in (King et. al, 2014). This initiative also enables schools to have a sense of ownership over assessing the needs of their students and in turn coming out with a plan to implement certain strategies for changes in the schools health programs (King et. al, 2014). The key feature in prevailing the effectiveness of this program would be the strong emphasis on an annual circle of evaluation and assessment on opportunities in enhancing the program to cater to the needs of the students w hich turn increases the interventions efficacy (King et. al, 2014).The evaluation process was broken quite a little into 3 main areas. The process evaluation deliver, school level way out evaluation and student level outcome evaluation (King et. al, 2014). The process evaluation stage is carried out by site visits to schools to view their administrative processes in carrying out health advancement as well as inspection of the schools general environment and conducting interviews with the staff to determine challenging areas (King et. al, 2014). Feedback on information obtained is given to the staff as a means to address these issues (King et. al, 2014). In the school level outcome evaluation, assessments are made to the systemic changes in promoting healthy behaviour and reducing obesity rates in the students. The school level outcome evaluation is based on domains relating to physical education/activity, nutrition education, nutrient service, staff wellness, as well as family and community involvement (King et. al, 2014). The student level outcome evaluation, focuses on understanding the changes in behaviour and knowledge in relation to obesity and its effects (King et. al, 2014). This done through weight measurements as well as surveys and quizzes to come in students knowledge about obesity (King et. al, 2014).With regard to the effectiveness of this initiative, evaluation between the periods of 2011-2012 showed a significant amount of division between schools. Based on results obtained from the process and school level evaluation outcomes, it was lay out that the schools processes were well implemented however some schools found difficulties in coming up with new or improved health and wellness related policies (King et. al, 2014). Based on the student level outcome evaluation it was found that small but significant changes were made in terms of behaviour and mindset of the students (King et. al, 2014). Students were also more engaged in rigorous ph ysical activities in comparison to the baseline from first 18 months of the intervention (King et. al, 2014). However a set back to the intervention was that changes to behaviour were mostly found in with child(p) students rather than students who were already obese.In relation to the Asian context, there have been various health related programs and promotions carried out in Singapore. The Singapore health promotion board has come up with various programs and initiatives to promote healthy lifestyle practices to prevent conditions such as obesity. Programs such as the 1 trillion kg scrap, aims to encourage individuals to brook weight by allowing them to set a weight loss target then setting a period for them to lose this weight. If individuals are able to lose the amount of weight within the given time frame they are rewarded with certain incentives and prizes (1 million kg challenge, 2014).In relation to health promotion in schools, a key program that was introduced in the ear ly 90s was the National Physical Fitness Award screen out (NAPFA) and the TAF (Trim and Fit) dodging which aimed to increase physical activity and reduce the weight of overweight and obese students in both the primary and secondary levels of education (Gupta et. al, 2010). The TAF program essentially tasked students with physical activities before and after the school day (Gupta et. al, 2010). The initiative was a success in the 90s with obesity levels dropping between 10-17% in students (Gupta et. al, 2010). Success of the TAF scheme would later bring about a collaboration between the Singapore Health Promotion carte du jour and the World Health Organisation to introduce a HPB-MOE bi-annual award aimed at targeting the healthy development of students and awarding schools for good health practices (Gupta et. al, 2010).Challenges faced in the TAF program as well as similar programs introduced in Korea as mentioned by Shin and Shin (2008) was that such programs bring about a sort of negative stigma to students involved. Student then tend to pay off highly self-conscious and develop body dissatisfaction which in turn effects their self-esteem (Shin Shin, 2008). This is often the result of requisition from their peers due to their weight and appearance and this segregation is further contributed by schools who single out overweight or obese individuals to be part of such programs (Shin Shin, 2008). This effect could in turn lead to depression which has been established as a cause for obesity and would hence defeat the whole purpose of having such health promotion programs.Proposed Health ProgramHaving place the causes and effects of obesity as well as certain health programs available both on the western and Asian context along with their strengths and weaknesses, an ersatz health program could be developed. Through analysing the health programs available in both the United States and Singapore, a program catering specifically to the needs of students be tween the ages of 6 18 year olds could be proposed. The program leave be entitled the Fitness for Fulfilment Programme (FFFP) catered specifically in the Singaporean context. The program is also given a name that does not infer or refer to obesity so as to prevent any form of social stigma relating to obesity. The main goals of the program would be to reduce the weight of overweight and obese students but to do so in a manner that leave behind not cause stigmatization or embarrassment. The program would also further aim to instil a healthy mindset in these students and encourage them to maintain healthy behaviour well into adulthood.The FFFP allow mainly be broken down into three key phases. The first phase will be the implementation phase which will introduce rigorous exercise specifically catered to losing weight for obese children. These exercises will be done during school hours as part of an heighten physical education program and these obese students will carry out their activities together with other students so as to limit any sense of being ostracised. The enhanced physical education program will target the specific needs of each student be it normal weight students or overweight or obese students by focusing on their weak physical areas that are limiting them from passing or getting a good rove on their NAPFA test. The fitness program will be one that gradually increases in rigorousness so as to allow the students time to condition themselves to its requirements. some other key feature of the implementation phase would be the enforcement of strict diet practices during the school day. Since schools are already given guidelines by the Health Promotion Board on the type of food to be served, there must be a form of enforcement that ensures that students are getting the appropriate meals. Therefore there should be two to three staff on canteen duty to ensure that right-hand(a) meals are being served to the students and that obese children are ge tting sufficient food but maintained at healthy levels.The second phase of the FFFP would the feedback and motivation phase. This would be a key feature of the program as it caters to the psychological upbeat of the students involved. This phase will be implemented during the first and last session of the enhanced physical education program. During these sessions, time will be set apart for instructors to carry out one on one interviews or feedback sessions with the students which will aim to understand the challenges that they face with physical exercise as well as issues they have with motivating themselves to indulge in physical exercise. With knowledge of the challenges that individual students face, instructors can cater their physical education session to better accommodate to both the strengths and the weaknesses of the students. This will facilitate a more positive outlook in carrying out physical exercise and encourage students to put in a great effort and hence may lead better physical results and lower obesity levels. Another aspect of this phase would be educating other students in the challenges that overweight and obese students. Students will be taught to encourage and motivate rather than stigmatize or humiliate their overweight or obese peers.The final phase of this program will be the evaluation phase. Ideally a review council should be formed to evaluate the effectiveness of the program at national level. This phase will be similar to the HEROES initiative evaluation process used in the United States, but will comprise of two instead of three key parts of the evaluation process of the effectiveness of the program. The process and school level evaluation will be combined into one. This part of the evaluation process will seek to understand the challenges that the staff have with the FFFP through means of interviews as well as on site assessments of the program in action. Availability of proper equipment and exercise facilities in the schoo l will be key points at this level of evaluation. The next part of the evaluation will be at the student level, the review council will assess data relating to changes in weight as well as NAPFA standards and also find out the level of knowledge that students have with regard to healthy behaviour through surveys and quizzes which can be done through the internet. The evaluation process should be done annually and aim to identify problem areas so that newer and improved implementation could be introduced in the following years.The feasibility and efficacy of the FFFP would depend on the amount support through funding from private agencies or the government as well as having instructors who are trained in not only physical aspects of exercise and healthy lifestyle but also with the psychological capability to deal and understand the needs and challenges for individual students to overcome obesity.ReferencesAmianto, F., Lavagnino, L., Abbate-Daga, G., Fassino, S. (2011). The forgotten psychosocial dimension of the obesity epidemic.The Lancet, 378(9805), e8Blaine, B. (2008). Does depression cause obesity? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies of depression and weight control. ledger of health psychology,13(8), 1190-1197.Bray, G. A., York, B., DeLany, J. (1992). A survey of the opinions of obesity experts on the causes and treatment of obesity.The American journal of clinical nutrition,55(1 Suppl), 151S-154S.Gupta, N., Chin, M. K., Yang, J., Balasekaran, G., Chia, M., Girandola, R. N., Mok, M. M. C. (2010). Obesity bar in Singapore Collaborative efforts among government, health professionals and the community.King, M. H., Lederer, A. M., Sovinski, D., Knoblock, H. M., Meade, R. K., Seo, D. C., Kim, N. (2014). Implementation and Evaluation of the HEROES Initiative A Tri-State Coordinated School Health Program to Reduce Childhood Obesity.Health promotion practice,15(3), 395-405.Ogden C. L., Carroll, M. D., Kit, B.K., Flegal K. M. (2014). Prevalence of child hood and adult obesity in the United States, 2011-2012.Journal of the American Medical Association,311(8), 806-814.One in nine Singaporean adults were obese in 2010 assess (2014, January 17).Today.Retrieved from http//www.todayonline.com/daily-focus/health/one-nine- singaporean-adults-were-obese-2010-surveyOne million kg challenge. (2014). Retrieved August 21, 2014, from http//www.hpb.gov.sg/ReferencesRamachandran, A., Snehalatha, C. (2010). Rising burden of obesity in Asia.Journal of obesity,2010.Shin, N. Y., Shin, M. S. (2008). Body dissatisfaction, self-esteem, and depression in obese Korean children.The Journal of pediatrics,152(4), 502-506Sturm, R. (2002). The effects of obesity, smoking, and drinking on medical problems and costs.Health Affairs,21(2), 245-253.Wardle, J., Cooke, L. (2005). The impact of obesity on psychological well-being.Best Practice Research Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism,19(3), 421-440.

A Casestudy Of First Bank Nigeria Marketing Essay

A eggshellstudy Of firstborn marge Nigeria merchandise EssayNigeria is among the split uping countries in the creative activity today. In the 1980s, several(prenominal) developing countries pursued some stool of financial liberalization program or other, in drift to boost the development of their countries. (Ayadi and Hyman, 2006). In achieving this financial liberalization, the First Bank of Nigeria Plc played a major(ip) fictitious character since the development and maintenance of the Nigerian economy. Being the first of its kind in Nigeria.The Nigerian Banking system started its story as far back as 1892 with the establishment of the Afri buns Banking in Lagos, the Capital of Nigeria as at thusly it was taken over by the Bank of British West Africa (BBWA) in 1894 and was later acquired by Standard Bank of West Africa in 1965. In 1969, Standard Bank of West Africa incorporated its Nigerian operations under the name Standard Bank of Nigeria. In 1971, Standard Bank of Ni geria listed its packets on the Nigerian Stock Exchange and placed 13% of its shargon capital with Nigerian investors. The bank changed its name to First Bank of Nigeria in 1979. (The journalof Afri bath society).Now, First Bank is the biggest bank in Nigeria out of the 25 banks, it has been rated as the largest RETAIL lender in the country. FBN has a subsidiary in London, UK which started its operation in year 2002 having a branch in Paris. The bank as at 2009 December had a total asset of N2,172 billion (USD14,718 million). (First Bank Financial Highlights 2009).Being the first of its kind in Nigeria, it has made a large business organization base and this has musical themeed(p) the vigilance so much confidence and a sense of comfort which has led to the neglect of guests satis pointion maximizations and feelings. There are 25 banks in Nigeria, although FBN Plc has been rated has the largest retailer bank, other banks are improving on the loop holes of their products and se rvices and using that medium to sap their guests.The Nigerian populace has come to discover that they own the m superstary (capital) of the bank and beca use of goods and services of that they should get the trump products and services possible. Doole et al, (2005) says In the fast moving belligerent environment it is vital for validations to provide customer satisfaction otherwise they risk losing their customers to competitors. The penalty for not providing customer satisfaction can be a steep decline in the organisations per dramatis personaeance, as Marks Spencer, McDonalds and British Airways (BA) deplete recently found. merged trade parley consists of varieties of medium of communication completely in the name of satisfying customers in order to get refreshing customer and to retain existing customers. Zeithaml et al (2006) says, marketing communication is more complex today than it utilize to be. In the past customers received marketing selective reading intim ately goods and services from a peculiar(a) number of sources, commonly mass communication sources such as network television and news papers. With a limited number of sources, marketers could easily convey a uniform brand image and coordinate promises. However, todays consumer of both goods and services receive communications from a far richer configuration of advertising vehicles- targeted magazines, websites, school mail, movie theatre advertising, e-mail socialisation and a host of sales promotion. Consumers of services receive additional communication from services capes, customer service departments, and everyday service encounter with employees. FBN Plc is the biggest bank in Nigeria in terms of asset and clientele base but lacks a proper corporate marketing communication system. It has so much relied on the facts that it is the first bank ever in the country and the Nigerian populace believe strongly in the bank because of its strong asset base and because it has stood the test of times. Despite their strong clientele base, FBN can single handled own 90% of the customer population in the country if it adopts IMC.Chris Fill (2009) IMC has emerged partially as a reaction to this inadequacy and to the realisation by clients that their communication needs can (and should) be achieved more efficiently and effectively than previously. The FBN customers are yearning for qualitative and uniform information about their funds and interest.The Nigerian government created a monetary policy reform that was accommodate to stabilize the economy in short-run and to introduce a market system for effective allocation of resources. The efforts were directed at promoting financial savings, reduce distortions in investment decisions and inducing an effective intermediation between savers, investors and their financial institutions. (Ayadi and Hyman, 2006).Integrated marketing communication build a strong brand identity in the market place by tying together and rein forcing all your images and messages. IMC means that all your corporate messages, positioning and images, and identity are coordinated crosswise all venues. It means that your PR materials say the like things as your direct mail campaign and advertising has the same look and feel as your website. (Zeithaml et al 2006). therefore this research work aims to explore the opportunities awaiting FBN Plc after adopting a head merged marketing communications system to boost its customer satisfaction.Research Questions and ObjectivesIdentify the need, expect and demand of the market.Identify the causes of lack of customer satisfactionIdentify and evaluate the market opportunities for FBN Plc.Analyse the FBNs competitive emolument over its rivalsDevelop a wholesome qualitative and quantitative integrated marketing communication system for FBN Plc.MethodologyConceptual Framework and DesignFisher (2010) says conceptual model is formed of patterns of concepts and their interconnections. I t is usually based on cause and effect descents which are often the basis of hypotheses that such research seeks to test. It has also been noted by Easterby- smith et al (2002) that conceptual framework dos to take a more informed decision about the research onward motion, decide which method(s) are appropriate for the piece of research, and also to think about constraints which may impinge on the research.FBN Plc being a bank and with diverse staff and customers spread all over the country, it is therefore advisable from the examineing of methodology (conceptual framework) to go by positivism approach which is linked to quantitative method. Yates (2004) states that other approaches (quantitative methods) inside the social sciences may come from the fact that natural science methods footstep up to be successful in their field of use. Most research texts have categorised research into two parts quantitative and qualitative approaches. (Knox 2004) notes that this is mostly thr ough with(p) for ease of explanation or to reflect differences in style or marketing, (for structural reasons or for addressing alternative research disciplines) or simply differences in approach is in hindsight for the research. It is said by Yates (2004) that from research texts, the relationship between positivism and quantitative method is almost a law or truth. He then foster highlights (with other authors) that quantitative methods can be used with other areas of examples within the social sciences. Also that one can argue clearly that electropositive thinking has influenced quantitative or numeric research. This could be as a result from the justification that quantitative methods are just as appropriate within an interpretivist piece of research.Ticehurst and Veal (2000, p15) support this linkage between quantitative and positivism by stating that the quantitative approach to research is also known as management science or operations research. Therefore linking discipline with philosophy.Saunders et al (2003) sees research process as an onion.Adapted from Knox (2004, P.123)Within this onion the second layer refers to the force field of the research approach that flows from ones research philosophy. Therefore linking the philosophy of positivism with different approaches. This onion has now explained that ones research could make do withDeductive Approach develop a theory and hypothesis or hypotheses and design a research strategy to test the hypothesis.Inductive Approach in which data provide be collected and a theory will be developed as a result of data analysis. (Saunders et al (2003).Deductive approach is a form of reasoning in which a conclusion is validly inferred from some premises and must be true if those premises are true. And Induction is a form of reasoning that usually involves the inference that an instance or repeated combination of events may be universally generalised. (Malhotra, 2003).From the above, I as a researcher in the case of FBN Plc have chosen to use from the Onion Positivism approach which will lead me to deductive approach (quantitative method).I am expected to use this approach to identify an area of enquiry which is the customers and members of staff of FBN Plc to be able to have a good background of developed theory, which is seen as crucial for, need me.The issues to cogitate an enquiry upon emerge from the established theoretical framework i.e., the customer service procedure, products and services and information leapn to customers about their funds.Specific variables are identify that the researchers deem should be measured, i.e., hypotheses are set.An instrument to measure circumstantial variables is developed.Respondents give answers to set and specific questions with a consistent language and logic.The response to the set questions are analysed in terms of a prior established theoretical framework.The researcher tests theory fit in to whether their hypotheses are accepted or rejecte d. (Malhotra,2003).Knox (2004) concludes that positivist paradigm is majorly used by marketing researchers (positivism = deduction =quantitative methods) in aligning methods with philosophical stances. It also helps to form the nature of techniques that are relevant by researchers.Alternative image NamesPositivistInterpretivistQuantitativeObjectivistScientificExperimentalistTraditionalistQualitativeSubjectivistHumanisticPhenomenologicalRevolutionistAdapted from Malhotra(2003 p.138).Easterby-Smith et al (2002 p28) argue that the key idea of positivism is that the World exists extraneously, and that its properties should be measured through objective methods. This infers that only knowledge, which is observable, is in fact valid. This then brings together the epistemology of positivism with quantitative methods i.e. methods which are essentially numerical evidence, future(a) a very natural science approach to the research in hand.In reference to the Onion diagram, the third layers consists of six Research Strategies which include Experiment, Survey, Case study, Grounded theory, Ethnography and Action result. This research is to make use of all these strategies to know the expectation of customers and what the management and staff are ready to deliver to their customers.Saunders et al (2003) further expatiated on data collection to be by the following which will be the means of my gathering of information Case study (questionnaires, interviews, observations) and Documentary analysis. pass judgment data collectionCollection of primary data will be conducted majorly in Nigeria through personal interviews (observations), questionnaires for customers and staff of FBN Plc, and customers and staff of other banks. A major interview will be conducted with the Head of Department of the following units Retail, Human Capital and Social and Welfare (customer service) at the Regional come toice.Secondary data will be collected through the customer and staff complaint boxe s, financial news and reports and other related websites.ResourcesThis deals with how to find things out by research than discovering things by reading literature. Fisher et al., (2010). In gathering information for the research work, survey research will be adopted to have accurate and generalised views.In having a successful research work, one needs to make use of several resources in the survey approach which includes the followingQuestionnaire a question is a method of obtaining specific information about a defined problem so that the data, after analysis and interpretation, result in a better delay of the problem. In this research work, the questionnaire must have these set of information inclusiveFacts and knowledgeOpinionsPast behaviourFuture behaviour(chisnall 2005).Pilot testing questionnaire chinall (2005) notes that, it is vitally important to make sure that questionnaire are piloted through all the stages of development. He further explains that it contains question whi ch are specific, clearly understandable, capable of being answered by point population sampled and free from bias. Webb (2002) confirms that piloting of questionnaire helps to evade participants biased answer.Personal interviews helps with structured questions like rating question in self-response instruments and open-ended questions. These are orally presented, with the advantage that there is the opportunity for the interviewer to interpret questions, clear up misunderstanding, or gather data from those not fully literate from the designers language. (Black, 1999). It also helps observe and quantify the respondents placement when interviewed.Documentary analysis this is analysing the news originating from the financial sector of the country, news about the general views of customers and staff and complaints of staff and customers.Ethical issues this poses as a problem in gathering information from staff and customers when there is a restriction on privacy, customers and staff th at believe they should be loyal to their bank and employer and this can be through by keeping some things secret.Research bias Saunders et al.,(2009) says to avoid research being bias, questionnaires and interviews must be designed and tested before being contrive to use.Time a time frame must be set to achieve the expected result for the research.Literature ReviewTo appreciate the importance of integrated marketing communication (IMC) it is useful to understand its origin and the major elements that have helped in its development. For mevery years agencies and clients believed that to deliver messages to particular audiences it was necessary to use specific tools of the communication mix. At the time it was a common belief that to achieve specific communication effects on buyers it was necessary to use particular tools. (Chris Fill,2009).Schultz et al.,(1993) says the formula of integrated marketing communication is emerging as one of the most valuable magic bullets companies can use to gain competitive advantage. advertize, sales promotion, direct response marketing, and public relations practitioners are busy finding common ground to meet the coming challenge of selling to customers rather than market.This explains that integrated marketing is not out to increase profitability alone but also to achieve maximum customer satisfaction. IMC has now emerged as the response to this structural famine and the realisation by customers that their communication needs can (and should) be achieved more efficiently and effectively than the way it was in the past.IMC develops and extends the notion and value as a communications process targeting a firms external market. By directing Internal Integrated market Communications (IIMC) towards their employees, firms are able to promote employee satisfaction, trust and commitment, thereby strengthening the firm-employee relationship and ultimately affecting profitability by enhancing customer satisfaction (Herington, rump son and Scott 2006).By achieving employees satisfaction, trust and commitment, it results in employees dedication and putting in their best at their duties and this helps increase customer satisfaction.Gummenson (2002) confirms this, that previous studies have shown that employees who are familiar with and committed to an organisations market penchant and brand set play a particular role as part-time marketers. All customer oriented employees, not just those associated with marketing, help to deliver the brand promise. They can influence relations, increase customer satisfaction, customer perceived quality and ultimately revenue. Therefore, directing integrated marketing communications towards a firms internal market is itself a critical part of achieving driveability and profitability. (Ferdous, 2006).Schultz et al., (1993) have produces a lively, no-nonsense critique of this fast moving marketing trend in integrated marketing communications. Taken alone, the early chapters doc umenting the shift from mass action to mass marketing are worth the price of the book. Yet the real meat of the text is revealed as the authors analyze the emerging reality of true person-to-person marketing to individuals, a reality made possible by the power of information technology to develop this ultimate consumer segmentation approach.The fundamental reasons offered for the popularity of Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) among marketers is that it is good for the bottom line and a necessity in todays fractured market place. Nonetheless, despite the evolution and increased critical evaluation of IMC, it covers incomplete universally understood nor universally accepted as a useful construct. Furthermore, IMC is not consistently applied as a marketing principle and according to Hutton has resulted in superficiality, ambiguity and blurred focus (Hutton 1997, p. 8).It is high time financial institutions realised that they all offer the same products and services and the only thing that can put a major distinctive difference to their services and product is by going extra mile to adopt IMC.Financial products are controlled by regulatory authorities in an economy. It includes administrative tinkering by governments with financial prices such as interest rates and exchange rates. McKinnon and Shaw (1973) further agrees that financial institutions are slackly offering the same services and are controlled by government, and this is hindered in a repressed financial system by the low level of savings, it responds in a positive way to real rates of interest on deposits as well as the real rate of growth in output. Moreover, investment is negatively related to the effective real rate of interest on loans, but positively related to the growth rate of the economy.However, if it is proven that the basic financial practices of a bank is solely dependent of government policies, it is only a good thing for the bank(s) to look for best opportunities to improve on their services to survive and sustain their stand in the highly competitive market.This is further proven by Ferdous (2008) that the fundamental reasons offered for the popularity of Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) among marketers is that it is good for the bottom line and a necessity in todays fractured market place.IMC has been able to achieve what other marketing processes have not been able to by breaking down corporate, geographic, and political borders to distribute into customers homes and offices in a matter of weeks or days through the use of worldwide networks created by computer and communications technology that have been inculcated into the process of IMC. (Schultz et al., 1993).Integrated Marketing CommunicationIntegrated marketing communication plan.PLACEDistribution strategyCHANNEL/MEDIUM CHOICECOTHERS(PR, POS, etc.)Objectives schemaELECTRONICObjectivesStrategyPERSONAL CONTACTObjectivesStrategyTELEPHONEObjectivesStrategyDIRECT MAILObjectivesStrategyMASS MEDIAObjectivesMessage strategyMedia strategyAdapted from McDonald and Dunbar (2004, p.19).Ferdous (2006) describes IMC to have been multifariously described in terms of a process, a marketing orientation, an organisational structure, a set of marketing tools, a basis for accountability and a philosophy. In fact it is all of these. However according to Robert Lauterborn who helped coin the IMC label, What IMC has come to mean to too many people is little more than two-from-column A, one-from-column B media selection process (Lauterborn 2003, p.14). Schultz (1997) agrees that the focus has been one of . Trying to integrate discipline rather than customer or prospects communications. In addition, focusing IMC efforts on the consolidation of a firms external marketing communications disciplines ignores the gains in competitive advantage to be had from a horizontal integration across a firms total communications effort including that of its internal market.The need for integration is t he notion that some aspects of marketing communication should be integrated. The origin of IMC can be found in the prevailing structural conditions and the needs of particular labor participants, an understanding of what elements should be integrated in order to achieve IMC needs to be established. The elements to be integrated are relationships, structures, brands, communication tools, messages, employees, technology, agencies and IMC strategy. (Chris Fill, 2009).The integrated elements are applicable to understanding IMC as a customer oriented process in creating a common understanding of its principles and core values. It is known that the primary aim of any business is profitability which can only be achieved when customers are satisfied.Profitability as defined by Ferdous (2006) is the function of customer behaviour, and then customer orientation is not only logical but essential. IMC integrates everything that impacts customer behaviour, not just the organisations conscious o utgoing marketing messages. It begins with product development and includes packaging (branding), selection of scattering channels (communication tools), channel management (agencies), customer behaviour (relationship), customer relationship management and total quality management. It involves the multi-dimensional, interactive, continuously measured communication that connects brands or products and the customer. Lauterborn (2003 p. 15). Furthermore, Cravens et al. (2003) identifies four-spot attributes that set IMC apart from traditional promotional strategies. They are comprehensive, drawing on all of the media, tools and technologies available to affect behaviour unified execution of all the components of the organisation and IMC programs emphasise productivity in reaching the designated targets when selecting communication channels and allocating resources to marketing media.Before considering the delivery of values of IMC, the communication channels will be given further att ention, the channels are generally complex, and they involve various media for different communication with the same set of target market or customers.Ferdous (2006), these views about IMC values share three key attributes which are fundamental to its values as a marketing concept. They recognise that IMC is about the connection between the brand and the customer and that communication in all its forms facilitates this relationship. Implicit is the understanding that marketing is the whole business from the point of view of its final result, which is from the customers point of view, marketing today is not a function, but a way of doing business marketing is everything and everything is marketing. (Harris 1993,p.13). Most importantly in this approach is the recognition that purposeful and coordinated management of customers and their relationship with the organisation is at the heart of make brand equity, which at a time of brand proliferation is critical to success. (Ferdous 2006) .The Role of Communication.Communication is the greatest use of language. John Locke has seen the use of communication as the clue to an analysis of the notion of linguistic meaning.Customer communication completes the marketing cycle, linking customer with product, service and availability. At a social level, in order to connect to mass production and consumption there simply must be mass communications. At its best, commercial communication engages in real dialogue, transmitting value and meaning, while responding to feedback and remaining close to the external customer. Communication has the role to announce, inform, promise, persuade and influence customers to buy in by communication and delivering customer satisfaction. ( Doole et al.,2005).Communication is the best instrument for sustaining a good relationship between a business and its customers if well understood. In as much as communication is essential between a business and its customers, so also a communication feedbac k is also very crucial. This because if a wrong interpretation has been gotten from the information passed by an organisation and a feed back is not received from the customer, the customer retains the wrong information , the organisation might be repeating the same information again at great expense. But when a feedback is in place, the organisation has an opportunity to correct the misinterpreted information and pass the right information across which makes the customer a happy one.Communication when used in the right context strengthens relationships. Doole et al.,(2005) recognising that employees deliver quality, internal communication encourages affiliation with organisational values as well as providing everyday working information. He further explains that communication to both external and internal customers is central to both marketing transactions and relationships.LEVEL OF COMMUNIVATIONembodiedBUSINESS UNITMARKETING DEPARTMENTProduct Price Promotion PlacePrice packagingB RAND MANAGEMENT PeopleSales Advertising Public relations Merchandising DirectAdapted from Doole et al., (2005p.249)This explains the level of communication and how uniquely they have their level of importance to the whole communication process of an organisation. If one malfunctions, it invariably affects the whole system. This helps to increase the value and credibility of brand communication. At this stage, it should be clearly noted that commercial communication should be based on clear intent as noted by Doole et al., (2005), a communication campaign generally seeks to both push product on to and pull products off the shelf and position the offer competitively in the mind of the consumer. Its components parts need to hang together as a cohesive whole and remain consistent with core brand values. It is further noted that during the process of product life cycle, communications have very different roles to playIntroducing new products the role to play at this initial stage is gett ing target market attention, also getting the market to test the product or service and the major task at this initial stage is acceptance of the product or service.Product maturity at this stage, the product has been accepted and needs to proceed to the next stage, the task here includes sustaining the brand identity, maintaining the loyalty, defending the market share and adding value to the product or service is the major task at this level.In a situation where the products or services face rejection or losing market share, the need to improve on the product is essential (revitalise and reposition) or direct customers towards alternative, perhaps reducing communications to bare bones dominates. With the aid of product or service campaign, messages can be charged with differentiating, reminding, informing or persuading (DRIP) or sequentially securing attention, arousing interest, building desire and promoting action (AIDA) and moving a customer from unawareness through purchase t o brand loyalty.The Communication Process.The communication process of IMC is between internal external customers. This research work is based on the evaluation of IMC between the employees (internal) of FBN Plc. and its customers (external).Groonroos (1985) explained internal marketing as an instrumental behavioural strategy for developing the state of mind that allows customer service effectiveness and building of relationship marketing. Ferdous (2006), in recent times, marketing professional and scholars have given considerable importance and attention to Internl Marketing (IM). According to Lings (2004) much of the literature on internal marketing, contains a variety of interpretations of the domain of internal marketing, it aim and focus. This means, treating employees as customers, understanding and attending to their wants and views which will help achieve a positive change in employees attitudes and on the long run affecting customer (external) satisfaction positively.Cherna tony ( 2001 as cited in Ferdous 2006) suggested that in order to coherently transfer brand values to the companys stakeholders, employees must develop a shared understanding of what the brand stands for, through implementation of a unified communication approach.Today, the way organisations communicate with their internal markets, better known as internal communication (IC) (Tansuhaj et al., 1998 Thompson and Hecker 2000 Ahmed and Rafiq 2003 Kong 2007) is considered one of the most essential internal marketing considerations. Ahmed and Rafiq (2003) attempted to give a more acceptable and holistic explanation of internal marketing through the use of internal communication as a cultural framework and instrument for achieving strategic alignment while building customer service competence. This is reveals the importance attached to internal (employees) communication in operationalising internal marketing concepts/activities and achieving organisational competitive advantage and success. (Ferdous 2006).External customers are the major component of a business or an organisation. Customers determine the existence and longevity of a business. It is therefore important to understand how to carefully communicate information across such that it would not be misinterpreted. Organisations should understand how they receive, process and respond to the feedbacks gotten from customers. (Doole et al., 2005).If quality is meeting and influencing customer expectation (Doole et al., 2005) and even delighting clients, then managing expectations matters. It is very crucial that employees (internal customers) do not promise more than what they can deliver. Communicating with customers regularly is critical, keeping in touch with them, comprehending their expectations, apologising and explaining the limits of service possibilities can influence their expectations and may expand their zone of tolerance.Ferdous (2006) emphasises on viewing IMC as a process that focuses on both internal and external customers is the first step to developing a c

Elie and Marion Wiesel Night | Book

Elie and Marion Wiesel Night BookNightThe title suggests a clear setting of the dark and in a symbolic way the setting is during a time as dark and long as the night. Elie Wiesel lived through a time in world history that is so sinister many people refuse to believe it could have even happened. The final solution, World War II, Nazi Germany invasion of eastern Europe countries, all are the setting and background story for Elie Wiesel first generate account of surviving it all written in his moderate Night.Starting in Sighet, Transylvania a small village that didnt even make the maps (Birthplace) Elie, his family, and many other Jews felt safe. They were far from the action in 1941 living their normal lives. The years passed and the Nazi threat grew closer their daily routines were changed, they were forced to move, to wear a star, and finally to be transported in 1944 to Auschwitz a German minginess camp, the largest of the death camps. (Auschwitz-Birkenau) Arriving at Birkena u men and women were splitd as presently as they exited the train. In the moment so many families and loved ones were looking at each other for the close time, and none had the foresight to even know it. The same was true for Elie, I didnt know that this was the moment or the place where I was leaving my scram and Tzipora forever. (Wiesel p.29) In the night (around midnight) Elie and his family were in Birkenau in the year 1944 and for two family members this was also their final consisting place.It stands out to me how homosexual nature is portrayed in the experience in this book. Even as they were separated from families, beaten, yelled at, find outmingly marched to their death in the crematoria, told to strip, shaved, marched around camp, made to stand in the elements, and all the while smelling the mephitis of burning human flesh, they were still able to share joy when finding friends in the same place as you, in holding a family members hand because at least you werent alone, and having a moral boost after some sleep. (Wiesel 33-42) This holds true for the rest of the book, people always appreciationing the faith, holding on to some dream, and living for the family they know are still alive. All these things gave them the willing to go on and the will to subsist because it had to stomach better, didnt it? But for the ones who did fail to the liberation by the allied troops I dont think life will ever be a continuous buoyant day, because the night always comes and with it the memories and nightmares that will never be forgotten. But thankfully it will never be forgotten because the people who perished under these circumstances of the final solution should never be forgotten.In Birkenau Elie and his father were made to work in the warehouse and there the author begins to note has life in a concentration camp had changed him. After his father was beaten his anger was directed not at the Kapo who beat him but at his father who should not have en kindle the Kapo. (Wiesel p. 54) This is where I began to see the separation of Elie and his father and imaged how it must have been for many others during this time in concentration and work camps. The human body can separate from the heart and emotion and learn to only survive and sometimes survival means only taking care of you. Take the story told on rascal 63 where a pipel was beating his own father because he did not make his bed properly and then demanded he stop crying or he would stop bringing his food. (Wiesel)In the winter of 1945 as the allied troops drew closer, the camp was told of evacuation and the decision had to be made to go as told or stay behind in the infirmaries where there was a possibility of being finished in the furnaces. At this point Elie was more distressed about not being separated from his father and they chose to be evacuated with the others. Foresight would have saved them his fathers death had they have know those in the infirmary were let loosed by the Russians two days later. (Wiesel p 82) SS units evacuate Auschwitz in January. Elie and his father are transferred toBuchenwaldconcentration camp, near Weimar Germany. Soviet troops liberate Auschwitz on January 27. (Elie Wiesel Timeline and World Events 19281951) The evacuation proves to be the wrong choice for Elies father but it struck me how during the march it was his fathers existence that kept him going and in the snowy night his father was the one encouraging his son who wanted to quit. This was also the time that Elie prayed the prayer to never do what Rabbi Eliahus son had done. He had survey by this separation from his father he could free himself of a burden that could diminish his own chance for survival. (Wiesel p. 86-91) This goes back to the base of survival being a journey that one feels like they have to do alone, so others wont bring them down or get in their way. It is so heart breaking that the encouragement the group needed to continue came from the very people that were making them march in the cold in the first place. So strange that they were wishing and praying for the barbed wire of Gleiwitz to appear, to be hoping and pining for another concentration camp where death seemed imminent. (Wiesel p. 92)On the move once again from Geliwitz they were put in train cars again this time different people entirely entered the cars. They had different views on life and what it meant to live. They also had different appearances, now so skinny more could fit into the cars. (Wiesel p. 97) Our brains a whirlwind of decaying memories. Our minds numb with indifferenceThe night was growing longer, never ending. (Wiesel p. 98) The author could be speaking of the literal night as they road to their new location but I feel that he was talking about the night that they will all live in for the rest of their lives. They will never be able to remove those memories from their minds and after experience something so horrific the night must seem nev er ending. The story of the workers throwing boodle on to the train car shows another parallel in the story of the fight the human body has for survival above anything else and it takes over the heart and emotions numbing them. When the old man gets bread for he and his son and his son is the very one that is beating him to death to take the bread from his father, the son is beyond human in that moment and does not even recognize his own father calling out for him to stop. (Wiesel p. 101)When they finally reach their destination, Buchenwald, Elies father has given up. The will to live is the key to survive in any aspect of life. When a person is diagnosed with cancer, when you are lose in the wilderness, when any struggle arises you must keep the will to live. This was proven in the book when people lost their will to live after learning of loved ones who did not make it they gave up and died soon after. I knew that I was no longer arguing with him but with Death itself, with Dea th that he had already chosen. (Wiesel p. 105) As his fathers health worsens Elie starts to see that he is too is acting the way he prayed he would not. He tried to help his father but was given the advice In this place, there is no such thing as a father, brother, friend. Each of us lives and dies alone. (Wiesel p. 110) When his father did pass in the night no one was aware of it happening and Elie was changed forever. He felt freedom and hunger. Nothing else mattered after his father died but food. This was his body taking over his mind and emotions and driving everything in his being toward survival and to survive you just need food. (Wiesel p. 112-113) When the Front came closer and closer to Buchenwald Elie thought only of food. When the American tanks arrived and liberated the remaining men they only thought of provisions. No thought of revenge, or of parents. Only of bread. And even when we were no longer hungry, not one of us thought of revenge. (Wiesel p. 115) I hope that the survivors still do not think of revenge but instead of preserving and continuing the memory of all those that were lost during the Holocaust and World War II. The families not only lost people they cared for but the world suffered a great loss in losing so many lives and stories and possibilities. I am glad that Elie Wiesel had the strength to write this book and I hope that there is truth in the saying that time heals all pain. Maybe with time he and others have healed enough to see the light at dawn and not focus completely on the night.Works CitedAuschwitz-Birkenau.Auschwitz-Birkenau. Pastwowe Muzeum Auschwitz-Birkenau W Owicimiu, 1999. Web. 30 Nov. 2014.Birthplace.Birthplace. G. Seila M. Acree, n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2014. http//enloehs.wcpss.net/projects/west42002/wiesel3/birthplace.html .Elie Wiesel Timeline and World Events 19281951.United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. United States Holocaust Memorial Council, 20 June 2014. Web. 30 Nov. 2014. http//www.ushmm.org/wlc/en /article.php?ModuleId=10007200.Wiesel, Elie, and Marion Wiesel.Night. New York, NY Hill and Wang, a Division of Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2006. Print.

Virtual Reality - What It Is And How It Works :: essays research papers

Virtual Reality - What it is and How it WorksImagine organism able to point into the sky and fly. Or perhaps walk through and through spaceand connect molecules together. These argon some of the dreams that have come withthe invention of virtual reality. With the introduction of computers, numerousapplications have been enhanced or created. The newest technology that is beingtapped is that of artificial reality, or "virtual reality" (VR). When MortonHeilig first got a patent for his "Sensorama Simulator" in 1962, he had no ideathat 30 years later battalion would still be trying to simulate reality and thatthey would be doing it so effectively. Jaron Lanier first coined the phrase"virtual reality" around 1989, and it has stuck ever since. Unfortunately, thiscatchy lean has caused people to dream up incredible uses for this technologyincluding using it as a sort of drug. This became evident when, among otherpeople, Timothy Leary became interested in VR. This has excessively worried some ofthe researchers who are trying to create very real applications for medical,space, physical, chemical, and entertainment uses among other things.In order to create this alternate reality, however, you need to let on ways tocreate the illusion of reality with a piece of machinery known as the computer.This is done with several computer-user interfaces used to simulate the senses.Among these, are stereoscopic render to make the simulated world look real, a3D auditory display to give depth to sound, sensor lined gloves to simulatetactile feedback, and head-trackers to occur the orientation of the head.Since the technology is fairly young, these interfaces have not been perfected,making for a somewhat cartoonish simulated reality.Stereoscopic vision is probably the most important brag of VR because inreal life, people rely mainly on vision to get places and do things. The eyesare approximately 6.5 centimeters apart, and allow you to have a full-colour ,three-dimensional view of the world. Stereoscopy, in itself, is not a very newidea, but the new twist is trying to generate completely new images in real-time. In 1933, Sir Charles Wheatstone invented the first stereoscope with thesame basic principle being used in todays head-mounted displays. Presentingdifferent views to each eye gives the illusion of three dimensions. The glassesthat are used today work by using what is called an "electronic shutter". Thelenses of the glasses interleave inflating air bladders in a glove, arrays oftiny pins moved by shape memory wires, and even fingertip piezoelectricvibrotactile actuators. The latter method uses tiny crystals that vibrate when

Kadohatas The Story Devils: An Overview :: essays research papers

Kadohatas The Story Devils An OverviewThe Story Devils, by Cynthia Kadohata is a look into the life of a younggirl looking to protect her family in any way possible. The story is based on areal life experience of the creator and shows how we can, at times, let the devilin ourselves come out and play. The author, now living in Los Angeles, writesthis as almost a warning just the ratifier gets the feeling that she would do whatshe did again, in a second.The story takes place after World War II in the townspeople of Chesterville,Arkansas. It was a small town with small town problems, and had a Japanesecommunity living within it. The story was written in 1989 and reflect theuncertainties of the post World War II period. Within the small community therelived a woman that had been through a recent divorce, and was raising threechildren, Kate, the author, and her brother Sean. Because the mother is havinga problem making ends meet, she begins to go to church and meets the antagonist,Mr . Mason.The story is told by the author in the body and mind of an eight yearold. It is a first-person narration and she is playing the plane section of theprotagonist. The point of view remains constant throughout the story, whichgives you only the viewpoint of the author to get facts from. Although this maybe a possibly unreliable perspective, callable to selective memory, the story is toldin a straightforward manner suggesting truth and honesty.During the story the author realizes that Mr. Mason is a dotty man.This is learned through several(prenominal) instances, such as when he forced the motherinto a crying fit in her bedroom in the beginning of the story. He was alsoviolent when he threw a rock at a young boy that had wandered over to the yardto play. These incidents forced the author to do something that she did notrelish, but deemed demand in order to save her family from this man sinceshe new her mother was planning on marrying him. She lied to her mother andtold her t hat Mr. Mason had hit her. At first it wasnt believed, but when herquiet sister Kate backed up her story, the mother sought to separate herselffrom this man. The family moved to Chicago and the author never saw Mr. Masonagain.As was express before, the story was believable because of the authorsalmost relenting of a story that she had kept inside for a long time.